The Sankalpa: International Journal of Management Decisions
The Sankalpa: International Journal of Management Decisions is a peer-reviewed, bi-annual scholarly journal published by the Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India. The journal serves as an interdisciplinary forum for advancing research and critical discourse in management and decision sciences, with a focus on theory-driven and practice-oriented studies that support informed managerial and policy decisions in national and global contexts. Journal Details: • Title: The Sankalpa: International Journal of Management Decisions • ISSN (P): 2454-7425 • Publisher: Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India • Scope: Multidisciplinary (Management, Commerce, Economics, Law, Humanities, Social Sciences) • Publication Frequency: Bi-annual • Language: English and Hindi • Access Model: Open Access (No APC) • Email: editor@thesankalpa.org
Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
Financial Accounting Practices and Their Role in Organizational Reporting and Decision-Making
One kind of accounting is known as financial accounting, and it is the process of recording, summarising, and reporting financial transactions that are the outcome of corporate activities that take place over a period of time. The preparation of accounts, which include the balance sheet, the income statement, and the cash flow statement, all of which reflect the financial results of the company over a specific period of time, is where such activities are documented for posterity. Accounts include the balance sheet, the income statement, and the cash flow statement. The role of a Financial Accountant may be found in both the public sector and the private sector of the economy. A general accountant is someone who works for themselves rather than for a corporation or organisation, hence the obligations that come with that role are different from those of a financial accountant. It is highly crucial for all kinds of companies, regardless of whether or not they are major organisations. Accounting refers to the practise of documenting a company's financial transactions in a systematic and organised manner. The process of accounting include summarising, assessing, and reporting these transactions to the relevant oversight authorities, regulatory bodies, and tax collecting institutions. “The financial statements that are used in accounting provide a condensed overview of the financial transactions that have occurred over the course of an accounting period. These statements also provide a summary of the activities, financial status, and cash flows of a firm. Accounting is one of the most important roles for almost any kind of company. In a smaller company, it may be managed by a bookkeeper or an accountant, however in a bigger company, it may be handled by vast financial departments consisting of hundreds of personnel. When it comes to assisting management in making educated choices for the company, the reports that are provided by the different streams of accounting, such as cost accounting and managerial accounting, are of incalculable value.
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Change Management in Times of Uncertainty: Strategies for Organizational Resilience
Effective change management is crucial for organizations navigating uncertain times, where disruptions and complexities are prevalent. This paper explores strategies for building organizational resilience through adept change management practices. It examines how organizations can anticipate, adapt to, and capitalize on uncertainty by fostering a resilient culture, enhancing leadership capabilities, and implementing agile and adaptive strategies. By integrating theoretical insights with practical examples and case studies, this study elucidates the key components of successful change management in turbulent environments. It underscores the importance of communication, employee engagement, and strategic alignment in fostering organizational resilience and ensuring sustainable performance amidst uncertainty.
Crisis Management: Lessons Learned and Strategies for Resilience in Global Markets
A company's ability to weather a crisis is crucial to its continued existence and growth in the modern, globally integrated business environment. The book "Crisis Management: Lessons Learnt and Strategies for Resilience in Global Markets" delves at the tactics that businesses can use to weather storms and adapt to a world that is always changing. important takeaways from previous worldwide crises, including economic downturns, ecological catastrophes, and the COVID-19 pandemic, and how businesses may use these lessons to get ready for what's to come. leadership's responsibility to steer organisations through crises, the significance of preemptive crisis management planning, and the necessity of response activities that are innovative, communicative, and agile. Also covered are ways to keep operations running smoothly, safeguard stakeholder interests, and keep employees engaged even when the future is cloudy. The study draws attention to the essential features of a resilient organisation and offers practical suggestions for enhancing crisis management skills by examining case studies and empirical data.
Leadership Styles and Their Impact on Employee Engagement, Retention, and Productivity
This research investigates the complex connection between leadership styles and employee engagement, analysing how different leadership styles affect organisational outcomes including turnover and output. The leadership of a company has a significant impact on the atmosphere and morale of its employees. By describing distinct leadership styles, explaining the idea of employee engagement, and evaluating the link between leadership styles and engagement, this article provides the basis for a complete framework. To maximise staff engagement and hence retention and productivity, this paradigm will provide light on how to strategically connect different types of leadership. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide businesses with the data they need to implement successful leadership and management programmes.
The Evolution of Chinese–Zionist Relations: Historical Roots and Strategic Implications, 1949–2025
This article addresses the problem of how China reconciles its rhetorical and diplomatic support for the Palestinian cause with the construction of growing strategic relations with the Zionist entity in the context of global geopolitical transformations. It traces the historical roots of Sino–Zionist relations since 1949, highlighting their transition from ideological hostility during the Cold War to an economic and technological partnership after 1992, particularly within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. The article focuses on several core ideas, most notably: the pragmatism of Chinese foreign policy; the rise of economic and technological cooperation with Israel; the corresponding decline in practical support for the Palestinian cause; and Beijing’s adoption of a policy of “biased neutrality,” which combines pro-Palestinian political discourse with economic practices that benefit Israel. The article concludes that, despite China’s efforts to present itself as a balanced and influential international power in the Middle East, it prioritizes its strategic and economic interests over exerting real pressure in favor of Palestinian rights, which limits the effectiveness of its role as a neutral mediator in the conflict.
The Management of Classified Saharan Palaces Between Protection Needs and Sustainability Considerations: An Archaeological Management Perspective
Classified Saharan ksour constitute a fundamental component of the cultural and architectural heritage of desert regions, reflecting centuries of social organization, environmental adaptation, and vernacular construction techniques. Despite their historical and symbolic value, these heritage complexes face increasing threats resulting from environmental degradation, demographic changes, inadequate management practices, and the pressures of modernization. This study examines the functional role of classified Saharan ksour within the dual framework of heritage protection requirements and sustainability imperatives, adopting an archaeological management perspective that integrates conservation, use, and long-term viability. The research adopts an analytical and interpretive approach, combining heritage management theory with archaeological principles to assess existing protection mechanisms and their limitations in ensuring sustainable preservation. It argues that effective management of Saharan ksour must transcend purely legal or technical conservation measures and instead embrace a holistic model that accounts for social participation, economic valorization, environmental resilience, and institutional coordination. The study further highlights the importance of adaptive reuse and sustainable tourism as strategic tools capable of reconciling heritage protection with local development needs. Ultimately, this paper proposes an integrated archaeological management framework that positions classified ksour not as static monuments, but as living cultural landscapes whose sustainability depends on balanced governance, community involvement, and context-sensitive conservation strategies.
The University as a Catalyst for Innovation: Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Policy Implications
Universities serve as vital catalysts for innovation through mechanisms such as research and development, education, collaboration, and governance. They foster innovation by generating and disseminating knowledge that drives economic growth, technological advancement, and societal welfare. Institutional mechanisms, including R&D ecosystems, educational curricula designed for innovation, and university-business collaborations, ensure that universities contribute to regional innovation systems. Universities also play a key role in skill development, promoting entrepreneurship, and supporting the commercialization of research. Policy implications emphasize the importance of governance, strategic alignment with innovation agendas, and external partnerships. Case studies from institutions like the University of Cape Town and Srinivas University illustrate how universities tailor their innovation strategies to local contexts. Despite challenges like conflicts of interest and equity issues, the role of universities in innovation remains crucial for addressing global societal challenges.
Translating Emotional Charges in Poetic Discourse and the Disruption of Literary Taste among Non-Native Speakers of Arabic: Selected Poems by Mahmoud Darwish
This study aims to examine the problem of translating emotional charges in poetic discourse and the role of the translational act in unsettling the poetic taste of learners who are speakers of languages other than Arabic. It does so by combining theoretical grounding with textual application to selected poems by Mahmoud Darwish in their French and English translations. The study departs from the hypothesis that the emotional charge of the poem is not an isolated lexical element, but rather the outcome of a complex interaction between linguistic, rhetorical, rhythmic and cultural levels, which makes its transfer into another language a highly sensitive interpretive and aesthetic operation. Relying on recent literature on the "translatability of emotiveness" in Darwish's poetry, the study evaluates the translation strategies adopted between affective equivalence, image preservation, cultural adaptation and rhythmic adjustment. It concludes that translating emotional charges in Darwish's poetry is only partially attainable, on condition that the translator is fully aware of the sources of affect in the source text and of the expectations of the target-language reader. It further argues that success in this endeavour presupposes a composite strategic model that carefully balances fidelity and freedom.
Optimising Inventory Management Strategies for Cost Reduction in Supply Chains: A Systematic Review
This research proposes a data-driven inventory optimization methodology integrating advanced demand forecasting with traditional inventory models to reduce costs and improve service levels. Using historical sales data, seasonal patterns, and external demand drivers, machine learning models (e.g., Random Forest) are developed to predict future demand more accurately than classical forecasting techniques. The forecast output feeds into the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model and refined safety stock calculations, adjusting reorder points dynamically to minimize costs related to overstock and stockouts. Scenario analyses and sensitivity testing demonstrate robustness under varying demand conditions, showing improved inventory efficiency and reduced total cost of ownership. The study highlights the applicability of combining AI-based forecasting with established inventory control techniques to build resilient and cost-effective supply chains.
Optimizing the Inventory and Fulfilment of an Omnichannel Retailer: A Stochastic Approach with Scenario Clustering — A Comprehensive Review
This research explores tactical and technological approaches to optimize inventory management with the primary objective of reducing overall supply chain costs. It discusses how real-time data analytics, advanced demand forecasting, and lean inventory techniques (such as Just-In-Time systems) help businesses lower holding costs, reduce stockouts, and improve cash flow. The study also examines the role of automation and integrated inventory platforms in enhancing process transparency and responsiveness. Strategic collaboration with suppliers and implementation of robust replenishment algorithms are emphasized as key enablers for maintaining balance between cost efficiency and demand fulfilment. Case examples illustrate how optimized inventory turnover enhances service levels and customer satisfaction.
Evaluating the Moodle Platform's Support for Higher Education from the Students’ Viewpoint: A Field Study at the University of Constantine2
This study aims to assess the Moodle platform effectiveness in supporting the educational process from the students’ perspective at the Faculty of Economic, Commercial, and Management Sciences at Constantine 2 University. The evaluation is based on four core dimensions: usability, content quality, interactivity, and technical performance. A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted depending on questionnaire administered to a sample of students. The findings indicate that Moodle’s overall effectiveness below the expected level, with weak utilization, moderate content quality and technical performance, and relatively better interactivity. The study highlights the need for technical and pedagogical improvements to enhance the quality of university e-learning.
The Role of Physical Education and Sports Class (Quasi-Sports Games) and Proper Nutrition in Preventing Obesity Diseases among Primary School Students from the Perspective of Specialists: A Survey Study Conducted in Tissemsilt Province from the Perspectiv
The current quantitative study aimed to identify the extent to which physical education and sports classes and organized proper nutrition contribute to preventing obesity in children. The study relied on the analytical descriptive method. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to a random sample of physical education teachers from various primary schools in Tissemsilt Province, totaling 50 teachers. To achieve the study objectives, the researchers used a validated and adapted questionnaire according to the children’s environment. Data were analyzed using percentages supported by the Chi-square coefficient (χ²). The results indicated that practicing physical and sports activities in physical education classes and organized nutrition contributes to preventing obesity in children and creates a state of psychological balance and stability. The researchers recommend generalizing sports activity among children and that the state provide halls and equipment for sports activities, especially in remote and isolated areas, to ensure comprehensive development of children.
Stochastic Optimization of Inventory at Large-Scale Supply Chains: A Comprehensive Review
Inventory management in large-scale supply chains is a complex decision-making problem characterized by uncertainty in demand, supply, lead times, and operational disruptions. Traditional deterministic inventory models are increasingly inadequate for capturing real-world uncertainty, particularly in globalized, multi-echelon supply networks. Stochastic optimization has emerged as a powerful analytical framework to address these challenges by explicitly modeling uncertainty and optimizing inventory decisions across multiple scenarios. This review paper synthesizes the existing literature on stochastic optimization approaches applied to inventory management in large-scale supply chains. It examines key stochastic models, solution methodologies, scenario generation and reduction techniques, computational challenges, and sector-specific applications. The paper also discusses managerial implications, limitations of current research, and promising future directions, including integration with artificial intelligence, digital twins, and sustainability objectives. The review provides a structured and comprehensive understanding of how stochastic optimization contributes to cost reduction, service level improvement, and resilience in complex supply chains.
Artificial Intelligence in Inventory and Supply Chain Management: A Comprehensive Review of Models, Applications, and Future Directions
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in inventory and supply chain management, fundamentally altering how organizations forecast demand, optimize inventory, coordinate logistics, and respond to uncertainty. Traditional inventory models, while analytically robust, often rely on simplifying assumptions that limit their effectiveness in complex, dynamic, and data-rich environments. AI techniques—ranging from machine learning and deep learning to reinforcement learning and hybrid optimization—enable data-driven, adaptive, and predictive decision-making across large-scale supply chains. This review paper provides a comprehensive synthesis of the academic literature on AI applications in inventory and supply chain management. It examines theoretical foundations, AI methodologies, demand forecasting, inventory optimization, risk management, and system-wide coordination. The paper further discusses practical implementation challenges, ethical and governance concerns, and future research directions, including the integration of AI with digital twins, stochastic optimization, and sustainability objectives. By consolidating fragmented research streams, this review offers a structured framework for scholars and practitioners seeking to leverage AI for efficient, resilient, and intelligent supply chains.
Economic Impact of Inventory Decisions on Firm Performance: A Comprehensive Review of Theory, Empirical Evidence, and Future
Inventory decisions lie at the intersection of operational management and economic performance. Inventory levels influence cost structures, working capital requirements, service quality, and ultimately a firm’s competitiveness and profitability. While traditional operational research focuses on optimizing inventory from a cost standpoint, economic analysis emphasizes the firm level implications of inventory policies on revenue, investment, and market positioning. This review synthesizes the interdisciplinary literature on the economic impact of inventory decisions on firm performance. It examines theoretical frameworks linking inventory to economic outcomes, empirical studies across industries and countries, macro level perspectives on inventory dynamics, and the role of market structure, demand uncertainty, and financial constraints. The review identifies key mechanisms through which inventory decisions affect economic metrics, highlights methodological approaches used in the literature, and discusses policy and managerial implications. Finally, it proposes a research agenda for future studies that integrate economic theory with emerging data driven inventory practices, sustainability objectives, and global supply chain risk.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence within Emerging Orthophonic Institutions and Their Role in Diagnosis and Treatment
This study aims to explore the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in improving diagnostic and therapeutic services within emerging orthophonic institutions. It adopted a descriptive analytical approach, where data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with specialists working in emerging institutions in the field of orthophony. The results showed that artificial intelligence applications have a positive impact on improving diagnostic quality and providing effective support tools for orthophonic therapy, despite the presence of technical and material obstacles that limit their spread within emerging institutions.
The Role of Offshore Renewable Energy in Achieving Carbon Neutrality: Policy and Economic Implications
Offshore renewable energy, encompassing wind, wave, and tidal power, plays a critical role in global efforts to achieve carbon neutrality by mid-century. As countries seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to sustainable energy systems, offshore renewable energy offers a substantial and largely untapped resource. the potential contributions of offshore renewable energy to carbon neutrality, focusing on the policy frameworks and economic factors that influence its development and deployment. the economic benefits of offshore renewable energy, including job creation, energy security, and the reduction of fossil fuel dependency. the challenges associated with high capital costs, grid integration, and environmental impacts, and discusses policy strategies that can facilitate the growth of the sector, such as subsidies, carbon pricing, and international cooperation. the right policy support and economic incentives, offshore renewable energy can significantly contribute to achieving carbon neutrality, while also driving economic growth and enhancing energy resilience. This paper concludes by providing recommendations for policymakers on how to effectively integrate offshore renewable energy into national and international carbon reduction strategies.
The German Radio Propaganda Wave War in Algeria During World War II: Berlin Radio as a Case Study Based on French Archive Documentation
This study endeavors to examine the phenomenon of German radio propaganda directed at Algeria throughout the Second World War, whereby broadcasting emerged as a remarkably effective medium for disseminating news rapidly across extensive territories. Berlin Radio, which transmitted in Arabic, constituted one of the most significant broadcasting stations operating in Algeria. Through these stations, German propaganda apparatus successfully penetrated North African nations in general and Algeria specifically. The present research relies upon a content analysis of propagandistic programs grounded in archival materials preserved in the Overseas Archives (Archives d'Outre-Mer).
Accuracy of Data on the General Housing and Population Statistics in Algeria: Measurement and Correction
BACKGROUND Comparing the results of the five censuses, we find that the 2008 census is good and acceptable, and is the best of all the censuses of 1966, 1977, 1987, and 1998. OBJECTIVE We will review and correct these results, if necessary, so that we can conduct measurements on some indicators related to the population category in Algeria. METHODOLOGY We will use some electronic processing programs, such as PAS Papers, to measure the accuracy of the data for the five general statistics, as represented by the United Nations Secretariat Manual. RESULTS The weakness of the data in the first and second censuses is greater than 20. In the 1966 census, it exceeded 31.8, and in the 1977 census, it reached 24.4. This is due to Algeria's independence, the lack of experience among statisticians, and weak data collection, etc., which inevitably leads to poor data accuracy.
Advances in Computational Pharmacology: AI and Machine Learning in Drug Discovery
Computational pharmacology's incorporation of AI and ML has changed the game for contemporary drug discovery by opening up new avenues for the efficient and rapid creation of innovative medicines. By contrast, AI-driven approaches allow for more accurate identification of potential drug candidates, faster exploration of chemical space, and more accurate prediction of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, all while reducing the time, money, and strain on traditional drug discovery pipelines caused by high attrition rates. Virtual screening, target discovery, de novo drug creation, and drug repurposing have all been made possible by advancements in generative models, deep learning, and natural language processing. Machine learning algorithms that have been trained on massive chemical and biological datasets can optimize lead compounds, discover hidden connections connecting genotype, phenotype, and medication response, and forecast molecular interactions. Additionally, by customizing treatments to each patient, precision medicine is improved by integration with multi-omics data and real-world evidence. There are still significant obstacles to clinical translation, despite the revolutionary benefits, including issues with data quality, model interpretability, reproducibility, and regulatory acceptability. Also, we need to pay attention to ethical concerns, such as algorithmic prejudice and IP difficulties.
Effects of Stroboscopic Visual Training on Visual-Motor Performance in Elite Volleyball Players: A Case Study of EST Tajenanet
Visual perception and visual-motor coordination are critical determinants of performance in volleyball, a sport characterized by rapid ball tracking, anticipation, and precise spatial awareness. Stroboscopic visual training, which involves intermittent visual occlusion during training, has emerged as an innovative method to enhance visual processing speed and motor response. However, empirical evidence on its effectiveness in elite volleyball remains limited, particularly in Algerian competitive contexts. This study evaluated the effects of a stroboscopic visual training program on visual-motor performance parameters in elite male volleyball players from EST (Entente Sportive de Tajenanet), competing in the Algerian National Championship Division A. A pre-post intervention design was implemented with 16 male volleyball players (mean age: 24.3 ± 3.2 years) from EST Tajenanet during the competitive season. The intervention consisted of a 12-week stroboscopic visual training program integrated into regular team training sessions (3 sessions per week, 45 minutes per session). Visual-motor performance was assessed through standardized tests including: visual reaction time, dynamic visual acuity, peripheral vision range, depth perception accuracy, and ball tracking precision. Paired-sample t-tests were used to assess pre-post changes, with significance set at p < 0.05.Significant improvements were observed across all visual-motor parameters. Visual reaction time decreased from 245.3 ms (SD = 28.4) to 218.7 ms (SD = 24.1), t(15) = 4.892, p < 0.001. Dynamic visual acuity improved from 0.82 (SD = 0.09) to 0.91 (SD = 0.07), t(15) = -5.234, p < 0.001. Peripheral vision range expanded from 168.4° (SD = 12.3) to 179.2° (SD = 10.8), t(15) = -3.876, p < 0.01. Depth perception accuracy increased from 78.3% (SD = 8.7) to 88.6% (SD = 6.4), t(15) = -5.012, p < 0.001. Ball tracking precision improved from 74.2% (SD = 9.1) to 86.5% (SD = 7.3), t(15) = -6.145, p < 0.001. A structured stroboscopic visual training program can significantly enhance visual-motor performance in elite volleyball players. The results support the integration of sport vision training methodologies into volleyball training programs, particularly for teams competing at national championship level. The findings have practical implications for coaches seeking evidence-based approaches to improve anticipation, reaction speed, and overall visual performance in competitive volleyball.
Nature's Architects Deciphering the Molecular Machinery Behind Biological Morphogenesis
"Nature's Architects" delves into the intricate molecular machinery governing biological morphogenesis, the process through which living organisms develop their characteristic form and structure. the fundamental principles underlying morphogenesis, from the initial patterning events that establish body axes and tissue boundaries to the intricate cellular processes that shape organs and organisms. At the heart of morphogenesis lies the dynamic interplay between genetic programs and environmental cues, which guide the proliferation, differentiation, and spatial organization of cells during development. Recent advances in molecular biology, genetics, and imaging techniques have provided unprecedented insights into the molecular mechanisms orchestrating morphogenetic processes across diverse species and developmental contexts. Key players in morphogenesis include signaling molecules, transcription factors, and cytoskeletal proteins, which act in concert to coordinate cell behaviors such as migration, adhesion, and polarity. These molecular actors form complex regulatory networks that integrate spatial and temporal information to sculpt tissues and organs with remarkable precision. the emerging field of systems biology has shed light on the collective behaviors of cells within developing tissues, revealing how simple interactions give rise to emergent properties such as pattern formation and tissue morphogenesis. Mathematical modeling and computational simulations have provided valuable tools for dissecting the dynamics of morphogenetic processes and predicting the outcomes of genetic and environmental perturbations. we explore the fascinating world of biological morphogenesis, from the elegant symmetry of embryonic patterning to the intricate folding of tissues and organs. By deciphering the molecular machinery behind morphogenesis, we aim to deepen our understanding of the principles governing life's diversity and complexity. Moreover, insights gleaned from studies of morphogenesis have profound implications for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and the treatment of developmental disorders and birth defects.
Constraints on Restricting Freedom of Expression in the Context of Strengthening the Right to Digital Being: A Legal Reading in Light of the Principle of Proportionality
This study examines the constraints governing restrictions on freedom of expression in the digital environment, within the framework of enhancing the right to digital being. It adopts a legal analytical approach that relies on the principle of proportionality as a fundamental mechanism for achieving balance between freedom and restriction. Digital transformations have significantly expanded the scope of exercising freedom of expression, rendering it borderless, while simultaneously generating serious legal challenges, including hate speech, disinformation, incitement to violence, as well as the growing role of digital platforms and algorithmic moderation in content regulation. The research proceeds from the hypothesis that the protection of freedom of expression and the right to digital being cannot be realized through absolute permissiveness or comprehensive prohibition, but rather through subjecting any restrictions to tests of legitimacy, suitability, necessity, and strict proportionality in accordance with the principle of proportionality. The study concludes that the effective application of the principle of proportionality constitutes a robust legal safeguard that prevents arbitrary restrictions or digital erasure, while simultaneously ensuring the protection of the digital public order and the rights of others.
Assessing the Vulnerability of Coastal Communities to Tsunami Hazards: A GIS-based Approach
Assessing the vulnerability of coastal communities to tsunami hazards is essential for effective disaster preparedness and risk reduction efforts Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based approach to evaluate the vulnerability of coastal areas to tsunamis, integrating spatial data on population density, land use, elevation, and tsunami inundation zones. By analyzing these spatial variables, we identify areas with high population exposure, critical infrastructure, and natural features susceptible to tsunami impact. Additionally, the GIS-based approach enables the identification of evacuation routes, safe zones, and areas requiring priority interventions to enhance community resilience. Case studies in vulnerable coastal regions demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed methodology for assessing tsunami vulnerability and informing disaster management strategies. the advancement of GIS-based tools for tsunami risk assessment and supports decision-making processes aimed at reducing the impacts of tsunamis on coastal communities.
The Reality of the Supply Chain of NAFTAL – Fuel Branch of Tamanrasset
This study aims to examine the actual state of the supply chain at NAFTAL, Tamanrasset Branch, given the critical importance of supply chain management in this institution for achieving local development, executing major economic projects, and ensuring the continuous movement of vehicles, individuals, machinery, and equipment, among other activities. The study seeks to identify the theoretical framework related to the supply chain, highlight the concept of the logistics function, and investigate the practical reality of the supply chain within NAFTAL – Fuel Branch of Tamanrasset. Findings indicate that the province of Tamanrasset is supplied twice a week by NAFTAL branches in Hassi Messaoud and Adrar through road-transport trucks. During the period extending from July 2019 to December 2024, the number of fuel-carrying trucks reached 65,574, most of which belong to the SNTR company. This quantity is distributed among public and private fuel stations, public economic institutions, and private enterprises engaged in major investments, while ensuring the maintenance of stable stock levels.
Rape of Women During French Colonialism ... A Crime of Honor that Escaped Punishment
Rape has been widely used as a weapon of war throughout history, with women often becoming the easiest targets during conflicts. In such circumstances, they are turned into primary objectives, employed to humiliate and demoralize the enemy. The bodies of women from the opposing side are thus transformed into vulnerable and easily attainable war targets. This was precisely the case during the colonial period in Algeria, from 1830 to 1962. However, despite being routinely practiced by French forces for over a century against virtuous Algerian women, rape remained a silenced crime. While rape is now recognized internationally as a war crime and a crime against humanity, Algeria's chances of prosecuting the perpetrators remain slim. The long-standing silence surrounding this crime has changed its narrative and obscured crucial evidence. Furthermore, international legal protections for women from rape in times of war came too late.
The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity: Insights from Long-term Ecological Studies
Climate change poses a significant threat to global biodiversity, with far-reaching ecological consequences. Long-term ecological studies provide valuable insights into the impacts of climate change on biodiversity across diverse ecosystems and taxa. This review synthesizes findings from long-term ecological studies to elucidate the effects of climate change on species distributions, population dynamics, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. We highlight observed shifts in species phenology, range expansions or contractions, alterations in species interactions, and changes in ecosystem structure and function. Furthermore, we discuss the underlying mechanisms driving these responses, including temperature increases, altered precipitation patterns, and habitat fragmentation. Understanding the impact of climate change on biodiversity is crucial for informing conservation efforts, adaptive management strategies, and policy interventions aimed at mitigating its adverse effects. By integrating insights from long-term ecological studies, we can enhance our understanding of the complex interactions between climate change and biodiversity and develop effective strategies to preserve Earth's rich biological heritage.
Model farms in the context of sustainable development: Algeria's model
Algeria's model farms are an essential part of the sustainable development strategy, aiming to improve agricultural production while conserving natural resources. These farms rely on modern and sustainable farming techniques, such as the use of organic fertilizer and effective irrigation, which contribute to increasing productivity and reducing negative environmental impacts. Model farms also enhance farmers' ability to meet economic and social challenges, through job creation and skills development. Thus, these farms are a role model in achieving food security and promoting sustainable development in Algeria.
Challenges and Opportunities of International Trade in Emerging Economies
International trade plays a crucial role in the economic development of emerging economies by promoting growth, employment, and global integration. the challenges and opportunities of international trade in emerging economies, focusing on issues such as trade barriers, infrastructure constraints, exchange rate volatility, and compliance with international standards. At the same time opportunities arising from trade liberalization, regional trade agreements, technological advancement, and access to global markets. Using secondary data and insights from existing empirical studies, the analysis suggests that while emerging economies face structural and institutional challenges in international trade, effective policy reforms and strategic integration can enhance their competitiveness. The need for supportive trade policies, investment in infrastructure, and capacity building to enable emerging economies to fully benefit from international trade and achieve sustainable economic growth. The study highlights how strategic policy reforms, technological adoption, regional trade agreements, and value-chain integration can enhance competitiveness and sustainable growth. The paper concludes that while emerging economies face substantial risks in global trade, proactive governance and innovation-driven strategies can convert these challenges into long-term economic opportunities.
Criminal Policy in Algeria: An Analytical Study of the Impact of the 2019 Popular Movement on Criminal Laws
This research aims to explore the intricate interplay between popular uprisings and criminal justice policy in Algeria. It seeks to conduct an in-depth analysis of how popular demands have influenced the development and modification of criminal legislation, and to assess the extent to which policymakers have responded to these demands. The significance of this research lies in highlighting the role of popular movements in shaping criminal policies, and identifying the gaps and challenges faced by the legislative reform process in this field. The research will adopt a multidisciplinary research methodology that combines legal analysis with social and political analysis. It is expected that the research will reveal that popular movements have played a crucial role in driving legislative reform in Algeria, and that there is a close relationship between popular demands and changes in criminal laws. The research will also shed light on the challenges facing the reform process, such as resource scarcity, corruption, and institutional resistance. Furthermore, the research aims to provide practical recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the Algerian criminal justice system in addressing contemporary challenges. It is anticipated that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the interaction between popular movements and criminal justice policy in Algeria, and provide an analytical framework that can be utilized in studying similar cases in other countries.
Geographical Analysis of Food Deserts: Identifying Access Disparities in Urban Areas
Food deserts, areas characterized by limited access to affordable and nutritious food, are a significant public health concern, particularly in urban areas. This study employs geographical analysis techniques to identify and map food deserts in urban areas, aiming to understand the spatial distribution of access disparities and inform targeted interventions. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis tools, we analyze the spatial distribution of food retailers, transportation networks, and socio-demographic factors to assess food access within urban environments. By integrating data on food store locations, population demographics, income levels, and transportation infrastructure, we identify areas with limited access to healthy food options and high concentrations of socio-economically disadvantaged populations. The findings of this study highlight the spatial patterns of food deserts and provide insights into the underlying socio-economic and infrastructural factors contributing to food access disparities. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on food security and urban planning by informing evidence-based policies and interventions aimed at reducing food deserts and promoting equitable access to healthy food resources in urban areas. Urban food deserts represent a critical challenge to social equity, public health, and sustainable urban development. Food deserts are typically defined as urban areas where residents have limited physical and economic access to affordable, nutritious food, particularly fresh fruits and vegetables. This research paper presents a geographical analysis of food deserts in urban environments, focusing on spatial access disparities and their socio-economic determinants. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques, the study examines how income levels, transportation infrastructure, population density, and urban planning influence food accessibility. The findings reveal significant inequities in food access across urban neighborhoods, disproportionately affecting low-income and marginalized communities. The paper emphasizes the importance of spatially informed policy interventions to address food insecurity and promote inclusive urban food systems.
Health Security in Algeria: Food and Pharmaceutical Security as Essential Elements of Comprehensive Health Protection
This academic legal article examines health security in Algeria with a particular focus on food and pharmaceutical security as fundamental components of comprehensive health protection. The study analyzes the legislative and institutional framework established by Algeria to ensure health security, including Health Law No. 18-11 of 2018 and its amendments. The research identifies food security and pharmaceutical security as critical axes within the broader health security system, examining the legal mechanisms, institutional structures, and challenges facing their implementation. The article addresses the gaps exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes recommendations for strengthening Algeria's health security infrastructure. Through a comprehensive analysis of the Algerian legal framework and comparative examination of international standards, this study demonstrates that effective health security requires integrated coordination between multiple government agencies, robust legislative frameworks, and active participation from all stakeholders including health professionals, institutions, and citizens. The research concludes that while Algeria has made significant legislative progress, achieving comprehensive health security demands continued investment in infrastructure, capacity building, and institutional reform.
Impact of Early Physiotherapy Intervention on Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury
Damage to the brain from a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can impede a person's ability to operate physically, mentally, and cognitively, which can make it difficult to recover and lead a normal life. In order to maximise functional recovery and minimise long-term impairments, early physiotherapy intervention is crucial. the effects on functional outcomes, such as strength, mobility, and independence in ADLs, of beginning physiotherapy during the acute phase of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Over the course of 12 weeks, researchers followed a group of traumatic brain injury patients and compared the results for those who began physical therapy sooner against those who began treatment later. The results show that motor recovery, mobility, and the return to functional independence are all greatly improved with early intervention. Improved overall recovery trajectories are a result of early physiotherapy's ability to decrease secondary problems including muscle atrophy and joint stiffness. underlines the significance of early physiotherapy in improving functional results in the long run and its position as a critical strategy in the full care of traumatic brain injury.
Psychological Stress Surrounding Athletes Who Have Previously Sustained Injuries and Its Role in Sports Injury
Psychological stress is considered a characteristic of life; it may be required, if not necessary, to motivate individuals and drive them toward success and achievement. However, when it exceeds its limits, it may lead to problems that are difficult to resolve due to its negative effects on mental and physical health. Inadequate attention to psychological stress may worsen the situation and lead to problems that cause various injuries. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the psychological stress surrounding athletes who have previously been injured and its role in sports injuries within the educational institution among secondary school students aged 16–18 years. The descriptive method was used due to its suitability for the nature of the research. The researcher selected the study sample purposively from secondary school students aged 16–18 years who participate in school sports activities. The study sample consisted of 60 male and female students, and the questionnaire was adopted as a tool for data collection. The results of the study revealed that psychological stress (anxiety, aggression, and depression) surrounding athletes plays a role in the occurrence of sports injuries among them.
The Role of Education in Promoting Sustainable Development: An Indian Perspective
This paper explores the pivotal role of education in promoting sustainable development within the Indian context. Sustainable development, which seeks to balance economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection, is essential for the well-being of present and future generations. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) equips individuals with the knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes necessary to address complex sustainability challenges and make responsible decisions. In India, various policies and frameworks, including the National Education Policy 2020 and the National Action Plan on Climate Change, underscore the importance of ESD. The paper highlights successful initiatives such as the Centre for Environment Education and the Green Schools Program, which engage students and communities in sustainability practices. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, particularly in curriculum integration, teacher training, and community involvement. Addressing these challenges and leveraging opportunities will be crucial for India to achieve its sustainable development goals. The paper concludes that education is a fundamental driver of sustainable development, fostering a generation of environmentally conscious and socially responsible citizens in India. Education plays a transformative role in advancing sustainable development by fostering environmental awareness, social responsibility, and economic resilience. In the Indian context, education serves as a powerful tool to address pressing challenges such as climate change, poverty, gender inequality, and resource depletion. With initiatives like the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and integration of Environmental Education into curricula, India has emphasized sustainability as a core educational objective. This paper examines how formal, non-formal, and community-based education systems contribute to promoting sustainable development in India. It analyzes policy frameworks, institutional practices, and grassroots movements that integrate sustainability principles into teaching-learning processes. The study also highlights the role of higher education institutions in research, innovation, and community engagement aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper concludes that strengthening interdisciplinary curricula, teacher training, digital inclusion, and policy implementation mechanisms are essential for embedding sustainability into India’s educational landscape.
The Strategic Partnership for Managing the Tourist Destination as A Market the Electronic Portal "Algeria Tourist Routes" a Model
This research paper aims to demonstrate the importance of strategic partnerships in the development of tourism services through destination management, by integrating partners’ resources to enhance tourism activity and offer a mix of tourism products and services that facilitate the identification of attractions for tourists. To highlight this significance, we examined the e-portal project “Algeria Tourist Paths”, which falls within the program for modernizing the tourism sector in Algeria and the implementation of the Algeria Destination Plan, in collaboration with the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). The study found that, following the implementation of this project, the number of tourist routes in Algeria increased from 28 to 377 within three months of the portal’s launch. This development is expected to advance and elevate the tourism sector, positioning it as a genuine economic pillar, while generating new developmental dynamics, particularly in creative sectors contributing to wealth creation and employment opportunities.
Film Festivals and Cultural Diplomacy: Examining the Role of Global Film Events in International Relations
the function of film festivals as cultural diplomacy tools, dissecting the ways in which international cinema events foster mutual understanding and goodwill across nations. The Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), Berlinale, Cannes, and others have grown into major venues for presenting national cinema, encouraging discussion, and boosting soft power. These festivals provide a platform for nations to showcase their cultural identities to the world by bringing together reviewers, audiences, and filmmakers from all around the globe. exploring the ways in which film festivals may play a role in diplomacy by bringing people together from different backgrounds, shaping stories around the world, and encouraging collaboration between nations. It also considers the political and economic ramifications of these festivals, focusing on how they affect international diplomacy and the worldwide cinema industry. In the end, the article shows that film festivals are important because they use cinema's "soft power" to build international connections and promote cultural discourse around the world.
The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on Economic Growth in Algeria: An Asymmetric Analysis for 2000–2023 Using the NARDL Model
This study analyzes the impact of oil price shocks on economic growth in Algeria during 2000–2023 using the NARDL model, focusing on the asymmetric nature of these effects. Results indicate a long-term cointegration between economic growth and oil price shocks, with greater sensitivity to positive shocks compared to negative ones. Positive oil price shocks have a stronger and significant effect on growth in both the short and long term, while negative shocks exert a smaller impact. The findings highlight that Algeria’s heavy reliance on oil makes its economic growth vulnerable to price volatility, particularly during downturns. The study recommends enhancing economic diversification, establishing a sovereign wealth fund, adopting counter-cyclical fiscal policies, improving investment efficiency, stabilizing monetary policy, promoting renewable energy, and developing forecasting and risk management capacities, alongside strengthening governance. This research contributes to understanding the asymmetric relationship between oil prices and economic growth, providing practical policy recommendations to enhance Algeria’s economic resilience against global oil price fluctuations.
Fairy Tales: Universal Reflections and Tools of Empathy for a Better Future
Fairy tales, beyond being mere stories for children, delve into universal themes such as fear, trials, and the acceptance of differences. They serve as reflections of the human soul and therapeutic tools, confronting readers with moral dilemmas and the complexity of relationships. Adapted to contemporary values, they incorporate modern narratives that address issues like equality and diversity. By fostering personal growth and empathy, fairy tales become bridges between cultures and generations, nourishing our collective imagination and promoting visions of a better future.
Goods and Services Tax and Its Impact on Small and Medium Enterprises
The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax has marked a significant reform in the indirect tax system, aiming to create a unified and transparent tax structure. This impact of Goods and Services Tax on Small and Medium Enterprises, which play a vital role in economic growth, employment generation, and industrial development. how GST has affected the operational, financial, and compliance aspects of SMEs, including tax burden, input tax credit, pricing, and working capital management. Using secondary data and empirical evidence from existing studies, the findings indicate that while GST has simplified the tax structure and improved market access for SMEs, it has also increased compliance costs and administrative challenges, particularly for smaller firms with limited resources. The opportunities and challenges associated with GST implementation and emphasizes the need for policy support, technological assistance, and awareness programs to enhance GST compliance and improve the overall performance of SMEs in the post-GST regime.
CSR to CSV Transformation: Literature Insights and Sectoral Experiences in Sustainable Institutional Legitimacy
This study critically examines the strategic transition in management thought from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to Creating Shared Value (CSV), positioning the latter as a dynamic framework for sustainable institutional performance. Through an analytical review of literature and sectoral experiences across food, pharmaceuticals, banking, tourism, energy, and waste management, the research clarifies conceptual boundaries and highlights CSV’s potential to transform societal challenges into sources of innovation and competitive advantage. The findings reveal that CSV thrives when embedded within “value ecosystems” supported by industrial clusters, human capital, and enabling technologies such as Artificial Intelligence. However, the study also identifies critical limitations, including societal selectivity, measurement difficulties, and risks of soft privatization of public responsibilities. By integrating theoretical insights with empirical evidence, the research contributes to bridging conceptual confusion between CSR and CSV, while offering a roadmap for policymakers and academics to reform governance models, adopt hybrid performance metrics, and design legislative frameworks that balance shareholder interests with societal rights. Ultimately, the study argues that sustainable competitiveness and institutional legitimacy depend on embedding social purpose into the innovation architecture of business models, thereby advancing the humanization of the economy and fostering resilient institutions capable of achieving shared prosperity.
Engineering Solutions for a Sustainable Food Future
The challenge of ensuring a sustainable food future has become increasingly urgent in the face of population growth, climate change, and resource scarcity. In response, the field of food engineering has emerged as a key player in developing innovative solutions to address these complex challenges. This paper explores the role of engineering in shaping a sustainable food future, focusing on three main pillars: agricultural efficiency, food processiang technologies, and sustainable packaging solutions. agricultural efficiency plays a critical role in sustainable food production. Through the application of precision agriculture techniques, such as remote sensing, GPS-guided machinery, and data analytics, engineers can optimize resource use, minimize waste, and enhance crop yields. Additionally, advancements in genetic engineering and biotechnology offer opportunities to develop drought-resistant crops, improve soil health, and mitigate the environmental impact of agricultural practices. food processing technologies play a crucial role in ensuring the safety, quality, and nutritional value of food products. Engineers are developing innovative processing methods, such as high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field technology, and ultrasound-assisted extraction, to preserve food freshness, extend shelf life, and reduce the need for chemical preservatives. Furthermore, the integration of automation and robotics in food processing facilities improves efficiency, reduces labor costs, and enhances food safety standards. sustainable packaging solutions are essential for reducing the environmental footprint of the food industry. Engineers are pioneering the development of biodegradable materials, active packaging technologies, and smart packaging systems that minimize food waste and pollution. Moreover, advancements in recycling and waste management technologies offer opportunities to close the loop on packaging materials, promoting a circular economy approach to packaging design and production.
Contribution of the Tourism Sector to Achieving Economic Development
This study aims to highlight the significance of the Malaysian tourism experience in achieving economic development, as tourism is considered one of the leading industries generating significant income and described as the new economic giant and the fastest-growing industry. Most countries worldwide, regardless of their development level, strive to increase their share of tourist movement. Considering that the Malaysian economy in the 1970s was similar to the Algerian economy, where it was dependent on exporting raw materials, it began to focus on the tourism sector in the early 1980s to diversify the state's revenues. Interest in the tourism sector started through intensive efforts and promotional policies adopted by the Malaysian state to improve Malaysia's image as a tourist destination. The study concluded the importance of integrating tourism development plans within the general developmental plans of the state, in addition to the necessity of joint efforts between the public and private sectors to achieve comprehensive tourism development.
Green Chemistry: Sustainable Approaches in Chemical Synthesis and Industrial Applications
There has been a lot of interest in "green chemistry" recently, which refers to the development of chemical goods and processes that minimise or do away with the production and usage of harmful compounds. sustainable practices in chemical synthesis and their industrial applications, with an emphasis on ways to reduce waste while keeping costs down. In this article, we will go over the fundamentals of green chemistry as they pertain to chemical processes in industry, including the usage of renewable feedstocks, energy efficiency, waste reduction, and safer solvent applications. New catalysts that use less energy and produce more are only two examples of the recent developments in green catalytic processes. The pharmaceutical, polymer, and energy production industries are prime targets for green chemistry because of the enormous amounts of waste and resources wasted by conventional methods in these large-scale commercial applications. Sustainable chemical synthesis, process intensification, and waste reduction are highlighted through case studies of successful green chemistry implementations. Lastly, the difficulties and potential solutions surrounding the implementation of green chemistry in the business world. It stresses the importance of ongoing innovation, regulatory backing, and cooperation among academic institutions, government agencies, and private companies in order to create a chemical sector that is more environmentally friendly.
Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligence Systems and Controls on Their Legal Liability
In light of the current endless digital developments and changes and the technological and digital boom that the world is witnessing in various fields, artificial intelligence technology has emerged as a problem in physical applications of artificial intelligence based on highly advanced modern systems and programmes, which are growing rapidly and have penetrated all aspects of economic, political, military and research life. This raises questions about the existence of controls governing the use of artificial intelligence technologies and the extent to which users of physical artificial intelligence technologies are responsible, or whether the responsibility lies with artificial intelligence systems in the event that they cause harm to others. Therefore, in this research paper, we will attempt to define the conceptual and legal framework for the use of artificial intelligence tools, examine the extent to which the latter enjoy legal personality that determines their responsibility, and investigate the extent to which there are established safeguards and controls for the use of artificial intelligence technologies.
Effects of Acupressure on Pain Management: A Comprehensive Review
"Effects of Acupressure on Pain Management: A Comprehensive Review" sounds like a fascinating read! Acupressure has been studied extensively for its potential to alleviate pain through stimulating specific points on the body. In a comprehensive review, you'd likely find a compilation of various studies examining the efficacy of acupressure for different types of pain, such as headaches, menstrual cramps, back pain, and more. The review may delve into the mechanisms behind acupressure's effects, such as its influence on the release of endorphins and other neurotransmitters involved in pain modulation. Additionally, it might discuss the practical applications of acupressure, including different techniques and protocols for administering it, as well as any potential side effects or contraindications. Overall, such a review could provide valuable insights into the role of acupressure in pain management and its potential as a complementary therapy alongside conventional treatments.
Mechanisms for adapting to health crises in Algeria
This research paper aims to highlight the effectiveness of the mechanisms adopted to adapt to health crises in Algeria, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which served as a real test of the health system's ability to respond quickly and adapt flexibly to emergency health crises. Algeria adopted an integrated system to confront this pandemic, which began to spread gradually, combining legislative, regulatory, institutional, and awareness-raising aspects. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the governmental and societal mechanisms adopted to address this pandemic and to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms for adapting to health crises in Algeria.
The Role of Social Media Influencers in Shaping Fashion Trends: A Study of Brand Perception and Consumer Buying Behavior
The proliferation of influential users of social media platforms has had a profound impact on the fashion industry, changing the way consumers view brands and the products they purchase. the impact that social media influencers have on fashion trends, particularly as it relates to how consumers perceive brands and ultimately make purchases. In order to determine how influencer endorsements, affect the perception of fashion brands and the trust that customers have in those brands, this study used a mixed-methods strategy, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews with actual consumers. the role that social media stars play as go-betweens for fashion companies and their target audiences, influencing the former's propensity to buy the latter's wares. Trust, relatability, and aspirational appeal are some of the psychological aspects that impact customer reactions to content from influencers. The results show that endorsements from influential people boost the perception of brands, especially among younger customers, and motivate buying since they make people feel like they need to buy the product quickly so they can be in style. On the other hand, the study brings attention to worries about honesty and openness, since customers are becoming more sceptical of influencer ads that seem deceptive or commercialised. In its last section, the study suggests ways in which fashion firms and influencers might use social media to set trends and boost sales without compromising their credibility.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Media and Communication Sciences: Between Theory and Practice
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary force transforming how content is produced and consumed. It possesses the capacity to process and analyze vast volumes of data, detect patterns, emulate aspects of human intelligence, and automatically generate content tailored to individual preferences. This technological capability has either reflected or actively facilitated a shift toward a new era of efficiency in media production and innovation, particularly through automating the creation of articles, reports, images, and multimedia content. AI enables the development of novel and more engaging media services, enhances existing offerings, and utilizes advanced technologies to deliver more personalized and compelling experiences to users.
Blockchain Technology in Financial Transactions: Addressing Challenges in Security and Scalability
Originally developed for use with bitcoin transactions, blockchain technology has quickly become a game-changing tool for improving the safety, openness, and effectiveness of a wide range of financial processes. It has great promise for resolving pressing issues in the financial industry, including as data integrity, transaction delays, and fraud, thanks to its cryptographic characteristics and decentralised structure. Despite blockchain's many advantages, security and scalability concerns have prevented its widespread use in the financial sector. financial transactions using blockchain technology, particularly its effects on scalability and security. blockchain technology's advantages, which include the capacity to facilitate quicker and more transparent cross-border transactions, the provision of secure, tamper-proof transaction records, and the reduction of fraud risk. In addition, blockchain faces significant obstacles that limit its scalability, including network congestion, high energy consumption, and transaction speed. Additionally, it delves into possible remedies for these scaling problems, including sharding, consensus methods, and second-layer technologies. While this research does acknowledge the need for additional development and integration to fully realise blockchain technology's promise of revolutionising the financial industry, it ultimately demonstrates the technology's promise of meeting the increasing demands of the sector.
The Informal Economy: A Reading of the Concept
This study seeks to shed light on two important issues. The first relates to the methodological aspect concerning the crisis of concepts in the humanities and social sciences and the disputes surrounding them, particularly in how they are observed empirically in the field or converted into measurable indicators; thus, the concept becomes a variable. This situation is referred to as the "conceptual crisis." The second concerns the concept of the informal economy and the disputes surrounding its analysis across different knowledge fields and between official and academic discourse. This study addresses these issues through the following sections: 1. The a priori consideration of the concept in the social and human sciences. 2. From the conceptual crisis to the concept as a variable. 3. The informal economy: consensus in description and divergence in analysis. 4. Critical dialogue among researchers and the issue of adaptation-interpretation in the concept of the informal economy.
Legal Responsibility Arising from Electronic Auditing in the Banking Sector
This research paper aims to examine the legal framework governing electronic auditing in the Algerian banking sector, while clarifying the nature of the legal responsibility resulting from the breach of electronic auditing controls, whether related to bank officials, information systems auditors, or electronic certification service providers. The study also addresses the relationship between electronic payment systems and the electronic control and auditing system, in light of rapid technological development and the consequent legislative intervention to ensure the security of banking transactions and data protection. The study concluded that the Algerian legislator has established important legal rules to regulate the digital banking environment; however, certain aspects related to the civil and professional liability of electronic auditing still require further detailing and regulation.
Circular Economy Approaches for Sustainable Resource Management : A Global Perspective
By replacing the conventional linear "take-make-dispose" system with one that prioritizes recycling, reusing, and regenerating materials, the circular economy (CE) model provides a revolutionary strategy for sustainable resource management. a worldwide view of circular economy initiatives, with an emphasis on their capacity to lessen the burden on finite resources, cut down on waste, and boost environmental sustainability. It examines the social, environmental, and economic advantages of implementing circular economy methods in sectors including technology, agriculture, and industry via case studies from both industrialized and developing countries. What drives the shift to a circular economy—public policy, corporate accountability, and consumer behavior. The article delves into the main obstacles, such as rules and regulations, technological constraints, and the need for financial investments. the value of public-private partnerships in fostering an environmentally responsible and economically efficient global economy; illuminating the challenges of scaling up circular economy models for broad implementation.
Exploring the Reality of Modern Sports Marketing Implementation and Its Contribution to Institutional Success: Evidence from First Division Professional Football Clubs
This study investigates the current application of modern sports marketing methods and their contribution to the success and development of sports institutions, focusing on clubs in the first professional football league. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected via a questionnaire distributed to 30 club administrators. Results indicate that adopting contemporary marketing techniques including digital platforms, social media strategies, fan engagement initiatives, and data-driven campaigns substantially improves institutional performance, revenue streams, brand visibility, and long-term sustainability. These approaches enhance fan loyalty, sponsorship opportunities, and competitive advantage in the sports market. Nevertheless, the study reveals a significant lack of digital marketing awareness and skills among administrative staff in sports organizations. This deficiency hinders effective utilization of online tools and emerging trends such as influencer partnerships and interactive content. The research recommends that sports institutions prioritize the development of integrated marketing programs, provide specialized digital training for cadres, and align strategies with global best practices to achieve greater financial and institutional success.
Decarbonizing Urban Landscapes: Exploring Strategies for Sustainable City Planning
Cities are at the center of environmental problems and sustainable development potential as urbanization speeds up. Given that cities contribute significantly to global warming through their emissions of greenhouse gases, decarbonizing urban landscapes is an essential step in combating this pressing environmental issue. techniques for environmentally friendly urban design that strengthen ecosystems while decreasing human impact on the planet. how to create low-carbon urban settings by the use of renewable energy, green infrastructure, sustainable transportation, and energy-efficient building designs. Furthermore, the report delves into case studies of different cities around the world that have effectively executed decarbonization programs, extracting valuable insights and highlighting successful practices. the necessary frameworks for policies and coordinated endeavors to bolster the decarbonization initiative. This research offers vital insights into influencing the future of sustainable city design by tackling the problems of transitioning to carbon-neutral urban environments and developing new solutions.
The involvement of artificial intelligence in scientific research in the field of social sciences
Scientific research is considered an educational and research process that aims to understand facts and build scientific knowledge in various fields. Scientific research depends on organizing facts in an accurate and acceptable method and in accordance with generally accepted scientific conditions. There is a modern intellectual revolution called artificial intelligence that invests in many fields, including the field of scientific research. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that relies on the use of computers and programming while simulating human capabilities. From this standpoint, the importance of this study, which centers on artificial intelligence and its investments in the field of scientific research in the social sciences, is highlighted. Through this study, we aim to clarify the aspects of the relationship between them and demonstrate the extent of the use of artificial intelligence in the field of scientific research in the social sciences.
Understanding Human Behavior in the Digital Age : A Human Science Perspective
The rapid expansion of digital technologies has significantly reshaped human behavior, social interaction, and cognitive processes. From social media and digital communication to algorithm-driven decision-making, the digital age has altered how individuals perceive themselves, relate to others, and engage with society. human behavior in the digital age from a human science perspective, integrating insights from sociology, psychology, anthropology, and related disciplines. digital environments influence identity formation, social relationships, attention, emotional expression, and patterns of participation in public and private life. The study also addresses ethical concerns such as privacy, surveillance, digital inequality, and the impact of technology on autonomy and well-being. By adopting an interdisciplinary human science approach, the complex interaction between technological structures and human agency. It argues that understanding digital-age behavior requires moving beyond purely technical explanations to consider cultural contexts, social norms, and psychological dynamics. The need for human-centered digital frameworks that promote responsible technology use, social inclusion, and holistic human development in an increasingly connected world.
The Relationship between Fast Fashion Growth and Environmental Degradation: The Role of Sustainability Using ARDL Model
This study aims to analyze the dynamic relationship between the growth of the fast fashion economy in the apparel sector and the deterioration of environmental quality in China over the period 1990–2023, highlighting the importance of environmental sustainability within this vital industry. The research employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine both the short- and long-run relationships between economic growth variables—such as the scale of fast fashion production—and environmental degradation indicators, including carbon dioxide emissions, water pollution, and natural resource consumption. The results reveal a strong and statistically significant positive correlation between the increase in fast fashion production and the deterioration of environmental indicators, confirming that the rapid industrial expansion of this sector has exacerbated pollution and resource depletion problems in China. According to 2025 statistics, China accounts for approximately 60% of global fast fashion production, generating revenues exceeding USD 86 billion in 2022 and producing around 22 million tons of textile waste annually, with a recycling rate of about 25%, reflecting growing efforts to foster a circular economy. The study underscores the importance of integrating environmental sustainability practices by improving resource-use efficiency, promoting the circular economy, enforcing stricter environmental policies, and increasing sustainable consumer awareness to reduce the environmental footprint of the fast fashion industry. Furthermore, it demonstrates that implementing sustainability strategies and clean technologies within China’s five-year development plans constitutes a fundamental pillar for achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental protection.
Language Acquisition in Early Childhood: Cognitive and Social Influences on Multilingual Development
linguistic development in young children, with an emphasis on the role of social and cognitive factors in the learning of more than one language. Due to the increased interconnectedness of the world's populations, a large number of youngsters nowadays are exposed to more than one language from an early age. how kids learn to speak in these kinds of environments, taking into account the social and cognitive factors that influence language development. This study draws on theories of cognitive development and sociolinguistics to investigate the effects of age, exposure, and interactions with carers, peers, and the community at large on the acquisition of second languages. The project investigates the impact of learning a second language on cognitive flexibility, social adaption, and identity formation through a mix of longitudinal observations, interviews with educators and parents, and tests of language proficiency. Researchers have shown that learning a second language at a young age improves not just cognitive skills like reasoning and memory, but also social capabilities like empathy and flexibility. How children's exposure to several languages influences their language and cognitive development, and the crucial role that social contact plays in this process. issues including language interference and identity confusion, and offers suggestions on how parents, teachers, and lawmakers may promote the best possible development of children who speak more than one language during the early years. The findings of this study have important consequences for bilingual education and early childhood development programs, as well as for our knowledge of the interplay between cognitive and social aspects in second language learning.
Perceived Artificial Intelligence as a Strategic Enabler: A Conceptual Framework Linking AI Perception to Sustainable Competitive Advantage
This systematic integrative review examined how perceived artificial intelligence functions as a strategic enabler of sustainable competitive advantage through the integration of Resource-Based View, dynamic capabilities, and strategic cognition perspectives. The analysis demonstrates that AI does not independently generate sustainable advantage. Instead, competitive durability emerges from a multi-layered process beginning with managerial perception and strategic cognition, progressing through dynamic capability activation, stabilized by governance mechanisms, and amplified through internal and ecosystem resource orchestration. By repositioning AI as a cognitively interpreted strategic resource embedded within governance and orchestration structures, this study offers a comprehensive framework capable of explaining performance heterogeneity in AI adoption contexts. In doing so, it advances theoretical integration in AI strategy research and provides a foundation for future empirical validation.
The Colonial and Postcolonial Narratives in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness
The novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, which has been praised and criticised for its portrayal of European imperialism in Africa, features a complex interaction of colonial and postcolonial narratives among its characters. Through a close reading of the text, the study explores how Conrad’s portrayal of colonialism reflects the attitudes and ideologies of the late 19th century, while also providing a critical lens through which to examine the moral and psychological implications of imperialist practices. This article will discuss how the narrative structure of Conrad, namely the framing method that Marlow uses in his storytelling, adds to the ambiguity and ambivalence that surrounds the experience of colonialism. engages with postcolonial critiques of the novel, particularly those that highlight its portrayal of Africa and Africans as the "Other," reinforcing stereotypes and perpetuating colonialist ideologies. This article discusses the ways in which Heart of Darkness has been reinterpreted in postcolonial literature and thought. It serves as both a foundational work for colonial discourse and a beginning point for postcolonial critique.
The Principle of Commencement of Proof by Writing in Algerian Civil Evidence Law:
The principle of commencement of proof by constitutes a significant exception to the general rule requiring written evidence in the Algerian civil law system. It permits the supplementation of incomplete written proof with witness testimony or presumptions when its three conditions, as stipulated in Article 335 of the Algerian Civil Code, are met. With the Algerian legislature's recognition of electronic writing under Law No. 05-10 of 20 June 2005 (Article 323 bis 1), followed by the regulation of electronic signatures and certification through Law No. 15-04 of 3 February 2015, it has become essential to examine the applicability of this principle to real property transactions, which are subject to strict formal requirements and mandatory registration procedures. This study analyzes the compatibility of the principle's conditions with the nature of electronic instruments, focusing on practical challenges and legislative gaps in the field of property ownership. The methodology relies on textual, comparative, and applied critical analysis, drawing on legal texts, doctrine, and judicial precedents. The study concludes that the principle serves as a flexible bridge toward digitization but requires comprehensive legislative and technological development to achieve full effectiveness in real estate transactions.
Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Optimizing Renewable Energy Distribution Networks
Opportunities and problems arise for energy distribution networks when renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower are increasingly used. Although renewable and ecologically beneficial, these energy sources are frequently intermittent and distributed, necessitating creative approaches to integrate them into the grid efficiently. A new weapon in the fight against these problems is artificial intelligence (AI), which provides cutting-edge strategies for improving distribution networks that carry renewable energy. Machine learning, data analytics, and predictive modelling are all examples of AI technologies that can improve the administration of decentralised energy systems by allowing for real-time monitoring, forecasting, and decision-making. how artificial intelligence (AI) may optimise renewable energy distribution by boosting demand response, decreasing energy loss, increasing grid stability, and making better use of distributed energy resources (DERs). One step towards a smarter, more sustainable power grid could be the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into renewable energy systems, which could make them more adaptable, dependable, and economical. highlights the technical, economic, and policy aspects that need to be addressed for a successful application of AI with existing grid infrastructure through case studies and discussions. The results highlight the importance of AI in improving the efficiency, resilience, and capacity of renewable energy distribution networks to meet the increasing demand for clean energy.
The Role Of Strategic Communication In Achieving Sustainable Development
This work seeks to explore and analyze the role of strategic communication in achieving sustainable development from a sociological perspective, considering it as a vital element in building social ties and enhancing interaction between the state and local communities. A detailed study will be presented, including a theoretical analysis of the concepts of strategic communication and sustainable development, followed by elucidating the relationship between strategic communication and sustainable development. Finally, the focus will be on how strategic communication influences the social, cultural, and economic relationships that form the basis of sustainable development. The importance of strategic communication in achieving sustainable development is evident through directing focus towards enhancing effective communication and encouraging positive interaction among various segments of society. The study has shown that strategic communication contributes to raising awareness about the importance of sustainable development and promoting community participation in decision-making processes. Additionally, research has demonstrated the impact of strategic communication in enhancing understanding and collaboration among various stakeholders, including governments, non-governmental organizations, and local communities, thereby contributing to bolstering efforts towards achieving sustainable development comprehensively and effectively
Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Performance in the Commerce Sector
Digital transformation has emerged as a critical driver of competitiveness and performance in the commerce sector, reshaping how businesses operate, interact with customers, and create value. the impact of digital transformation on business performance, with specific emphasis on the adoption of digital technologies such as e-commerce platforms, data analytics, cloud computing, and digital payment systems. how these technologies influence key performance indicators including operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, market reach, and profitability. Using secondary data and empirical evidence from existing studies, the analysis reveals that businesses embracing digital transformation experience improved process efficiency, enhanced decision-making capabilities, and stronger customer engagement. Conversely, firms with limited digital adoption face challenges in responding to market dynamics and consumer expectations. The study also identifies barriers to digital transformation, such as high implementation costs, lack of digital skills, and resistance to organizational change. The need for strategic digital investment and continuous skill development to maximize the performance benefits of digital transformation in the commerce sector. Strengthening digital capabilities can support sustainable business growth and long-term competitiveness in an increasingly digital economy.
The Issue of Slavery and Racism in Black Literature The Obsession with Color, Its Impact, and the Motivations for Creativity in the Work of the African American Scheherazade, Toni Morrison
Cultural criticism has undertaken the task of defending marginalized cultures by responding to the grand narratives authored by the West, which have depicted these cultures and their people negatively within the frameworks of colonial and postcolonial studies. Meanwhile, feminist criticism has taken on the responsibility of advocating for women’s rights and freedoms. Women have endured a double oppression—first by the colonizer and then by the authority, dominance, and tyranny of men. This dual oppression has shaped the backdrop of women’s writings and critiques, with issues of colour, race, and gender becoming central concerns and motivators for their work. How has the impact of colour manifested in women’s creativity and critique? This study aims to highlight the African-American writer Toni Morrison, who, through her various writings, sought to represent the world of Black people and embody the ongoing struggle between the self and the other. She endeavoured to liberate Black characters from the confines of slavery and the stereotypes that clung to them for so long. Morrison emphasized that the Black community possesses unique experiences across various domains, enabling it to break free from the chains of slavery and rebuild its identity and history within the framework of freedom known as postcolonialism.
Role of Commercial Banks in Economic Development
Commercial banks play a pivotal role in fostering economic development by mobilizing savings, allocating credit, facilitating investment, and supporting financial stability. As key intermediaries within the financial system, they channel funds from surplus units to deficit units, thereby promoting capital formation and productive economic activities. This paper examines the role of commercial banks in economic development with a focus on their contribution to industrial growth, agricultural financing, infrastructure development, and support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It also explores how banking services such as payment systems, trade finance, and financial inclusion initiatives enhance economic efficiency and broaden access to financial resources. Furthermore, the study analyzes the impact of technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and monetary policies on the developmental functions of commercial banks. Special attention is given to the challenges faced by commercial banks in developing economies, including credit risk, non-performing assets, and uneven access to banking services. The paper concludes that a well-regulated and inclusive banking system is essential for sustainable economic growth, as commercial banks not only stimulate investment and employment but also contribute to financial deepening and long-term economic resilience.
Television Mediation in the Reshaping of Family Relationships: A Critical Sociological Analysis in Light of Symbolic Interactionism
This study aims to analyze the role television plays in reshaping family relationships in the context of contemporary social and cultural transformations, using symbolic interactionism as an interpretive framework. The study highlights that television does not function as a unidirectional influence, but rather as a symbolic mediator that contributes to the production of meaning within family interactions. Furthermore, its impact is determined by patterns of use and interpretation, as it can either strengthen family cohesion or contribute to its disintegration, depending on the family’s social and cultural context.
Consumer Behavior and Adoption Barriers in Electric Vehicle Markets
The transition toward electric mobility depends not only on technological progress and infrastructure expansion but also on consumer acceptance and behavioral adaptation. While electric vehicles (EVs) have experienced substantial growth in recent years, adoption rates vary significantly across regions, income groups, and demographic segments. This variation highlights the importance of understanding consumer behavior, perceived risks, and structural barriers that influence purchasing decisions. the psychological, economic, and institutional factors shaping EV adoption. Key determinants include upfront vehicle cost, range anxiety, charging accessibility, resale value uncertainty, brand perception, and awareness of government incentives. Behavioral biases such as status quo preference, risk aversion, and limited information processing also affect consumer willingness to shift from conventional internal combustion vehicles to electric alternatives. Socioeconomic variables, including income level, education, urban density, and environmental attitudes, further shape adoption patterns.
Methods and strategies of economic diversification by activating the dimensions of sustainable local tourism development-Qatar experience-
The tourism sector is one of the important sectors in improving and developing the local and international economy, and it helps in achieving comprehensive local development. The tourism sector is also closely related to activating the dimensions of sustainable development and encouraging the preservation of Natural Heritage. The study aimed to highlight the sustainable local tourism development in the countries, the methods of achieving it and its indicators. In this study, we followed the descriptive-analytical approach to arrive at the results. In the practical aspect, the state of Qatar was accredited and discussed its experience. In this study, we found that sustainable local development is one of the important topics that work on the development of countries. As for the practical side, the state of Qatar witnessed remarkable progress in the tourism sector during 2023, as this year represented a period full of achievements and developments that reflected the commitment of the Qatari state to promote the tourism sector dynamically within the Qatar National Vision 2030 and achieve the comprehensive development vision. The number of visitors to the country during 2025 reached 2.6 million.
Technology in Fashion: Investigating the Impact of 3D Printing and Virtual Fitting Rooms on Consumer Shopping Experience
The way customers engage with fashion brands, items, and the buying process is being revolutionised by the incorporation of technology. the effects on fashion industry customer behaviour and the shopping experience as a whole of two innovative technologies—virtual fitting rooms and 3D printing. In addition to reducing waste, 3D printing makes it possible to create one-of-a-kind apparel and accessories on demand, opening up new possibilities for creative expression in the fashion industry. With the help of augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI), virtual fitting rooms have emerged as a viable alternative to traditional clothing trials for online shoppers. the ways in which these innovations impact buyers' choices, ease their minds about purchases, and increase customer happiness. The research looks at how 3D printing and virtual fitting rooms are changing the fashion industry's value chain, from design to sale, and how they impact sustainability, cost-efficiency, and convenience. It does this using a mix of customer surveys and expert interviews. The results imply that emerging technologies are changing customer expectations, as they seek more immersive, customised, and environmentally friendly solutions, in addition to enhancing the shopping experience. the possibilities and difficulties that brands have when embracing and expanding these technologies, including the future of 3D printing and virtual fitting rooms in the fashion industry.
The Problem of Multiplicity and Overlap of Pragmatic Functions in Functional Grammar: Applied Examples and Proposed Solutions
This study addresses a significant and challenging issue in Functional Grammar, namely the multiplicity of internal pragmatic functions and the overlap between various internal and external pragmatic functions. Despite the limited total number of these functions collectively, they have not escaped the problem of multiplicity and intersection. What was originally a strength of Functional Grammar theory—achieving pattern adequacy within the broader goal of explanatory adequacy—has turned into a genuine problem that requires regulation, correction, and treatment. The article sheds light on some manifestations of this multiplicity and overlap by presenting applied examples and proposing certain solutions to these issues. And God is the Granter of success.
Offshore Wave Energy Conversion: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Offshore wave energy conversion (WEC) is an emerging field within the renewable energy sector that holds significant promise for contributing to the global energy mix. The vast and untapped potential of ocean waves presents an opportunity to generate clean, sustainable power with minimal environmental impact. an in-depth analysis of the latest innovations in wave energy conversion technologies, examining the various design approaches, materials, and deployment strategies that have been developed to harness wave energy effectively. Additionally, the key challenges facing the widespread adoption of WEC, including technical, economic, and environmental barriers. These challenges include the harsh marine environment, high capital costs, and the need for robust infrastructure to integrate wave energy into the grid. future prospects for the wave energy sector, highlighting the importance of continued research, policy support, and international collaboration in advancing WEC technology. The findings suggest that while significant hurdles remain, wave energy has the potential to become a viable and reliable source of renewable energy, contributing to a more diverse and resilient energy system.
Interim measures of the European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights may, pursuant to Rule 39 of its Rules of Court, indicate interim measures to the parties to the proceedings before it. Interim measures are urgent measures which apply only where there is an imminent risk of irreparable harm to a right protected by the European Convention on Human Rights, where they are necessary in the interests of the parties or for the proper conduct of the proceedings. These measures are taken in the context of the conduct of the proceedings before the Court and do not prejudge its subsequent decisions on the admissibility or merits of the cases in question.
Impact of Nutrition Education Interventions on Dietary Behaviors and Health Outcomes among Adolescents: A Systematic Review
This systematic review aims to assess the impact of nutrition education interventions on dietary behaviors and health outcomes among adolescents. A total of 35 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The majority of interventions utilized a combination of educational strategies, including classroom-based instruction, interactive workshops, and digital media platforms. Nutrition education interventions were associated with improvements in dietary behaviors, including increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced intake of sugary beverages and unhealthy snacks, and enhanced knowledge of nutrition principles. Several studies also reported positive effects on health outcomes, such as reductions in BMI, improvements in blood pressure and lipid levels, and better glycemic control among adolescents with diabetes. Nutrition education interventions have the potential to positively influence dietary behaviors and health outcomes among adolescents. Multicomponent interventions delivered through diverse platforms can effectively promote healthy eating habits and contribute to the prevention of obesity and chronic diseases in this population. However, further research is needed to identify the most effective strategies for sustaining behavior change and optimizing long-term health outcomes among adolescents.
The Role of Regional Communities in Supporting and Promoting Local Investment (A study in light of Investment Law 22-18 and Local Authority Laws)
In Algeria, regional communities operate as a key economic tool under the municipal and provincial laws, as well as Investment Law 22-18. They attract investment by providing industrial land and preparing the necessary infrastructure for projects. They also play a coordinating role through decentralised single windows, simplifying and digitising administrative procedures. This aims to create a model of ‘productive municipalities’ that generate wealth, create jobs and achieve sustainable development independently of financial dependence on the central authority. Between 2022 and 2025, the Algerian Agency for Investment Promotion recorded over 19,000 projects valued at more than 61 billion USD, which are expected to create around 470,000 direct jobs. Notably, statistics reveal a dominant presence of local capital, accounting for over 98% of projects, underscoring the success of the decentralised approach in stimulating local economic activity. Over half of these projects have commenced implementation, primarily in the manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism sectors, reflecting a clear trend towards diversifying the national economy through regional initiatives.
Applications of Number Theory in Cryptography and Cybersecurity
Number theory, a fundamental branch of mathematics that studies the properties and relationships of integers, plays a crucial role in modern cryptography and cybersecurity. Many cryptographic systems rely on mathematical principles derived from number theory to secure digital communication and protect sensitive information. the application of number theory concepts in the development of cryptographic algorithms used for data encryption, authentication, and secure communication. Several key ideas from number theory, such as prime numbers, modular arithmetic, and factorization, form the foundation of many encryption techniques. Cryptographic methods like public key cryptography use these mathematical properties to create secure systems where information can be transmitted safely over open networks. encryption algorithms often depend on the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime components, which makes unauthorized decryption extremely difficult.
Psychosocial Adjustment and Its Relationship with Attitudes Toward Migration Among Youth
Migration has become one of the most significant social phenomena affecting contemporary societies, particularly among young people who increasingly aspire to move abroad in search of better living conditions, employment opportunities, and social stability. The growing interest in migration among youth is not only influenced by economic and political factors but also by psychological and social conditions that shape their perceptions and aspirations. Among the most important of these factors is psychosocial adjustment, which reflects an individual’s ability to adapt psychologically and socially to the surrounding environment. The present study seeks to examine the relationship between psychosocial adjustment and attitudes toward migration among youth. Psychosocial adjustment refers to the individual’s capacity to maintain a balance between personal needs and the demands of the social environment, including emotional stability, self-acceptance, positive interpersonal relationships, and effective coping with life stressors. When young individuals experience difficulties in achieving such balance, they may develop feelings of dissatisfaction, frustration, or lack of belonging, which may increase their inclination toward migration as a perceived means of improving their life conditions. Conversely, individuals who demonstrate higher levels of psychosocial adjustment may feel more satisfied with their social environment and consequently show less desire to leave their home country. This research aims to highlight how psychological well-being and social integration can influence youth attitudes toward migration and shape their future aspirations. The study also emphasizes the importance of examining migration as a multidimensional phenomenon that includes psychological, social, and cultural dimensions in addition to economic considerations. By analyzing the relationship between psychosocial adjustment and migration attitudes, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors that motivate young people to consider migration as a life choice. The findings may provide valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and social institutions seeking to address the challenges faced by youth and to design programs that enhance psychological well-being, strengthen social integration, and reduce the pressures that push young people toward migration. Ultimately, the research underscores the importance of promoting supportive environments that enable youth to achieve personal fulfillment and social stability within their own societies.
Rural-Urban Migration and Its Socio-Economic Implications: A Geographical Study
Rural-urban migration has emerged as one of the most defining demographic processes of the 21st century, reshaping the socio-economic and spatial dynamics of developing as well as developed countries. This paper examines the geographical patterns and underlying drivers of rural-urban migration, emphasizing economic disparities, employment opportunities, infrastructural development, and socio-cultural aspirations. While migration offers improved access to education, healthcare, and income in urban centers, it also generates challenges such as urban congestion, unemployment, informal settlements, and environmental degradation. On the rural side, migration often leads to labor shortages, declining agricultural productivity, and demographic imbalances, though it also brings remittances and social mobility opportunities. Using a geographical approach, this study analyzes regional variations in migration flows, identifies the push and pull factors shaping mobility, and evaluates the socio-economic implications for both sending and receiving areas. The findings highlight the dual nature of migration as both a driver of modernization and a source of inequalities, calling for balanced regional development policies and sustainable urban planning to manage the challenges and maximize the benefits of rural-urban migration.
Local Media, Torture, and French Intellectuals in Algeria during the French Colonial Period – Maurice Nadeau and Manifesto of the 121
During the period of French colonial rule, the Algerian Revolution attracted considerable international sympathy, largely as a result of the propaganda initiatives undertaken by the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) to publicize this major revolutionary struggle. Support came from various parts of the world, particularly from other colonized societies. The prominence of the Algerian Revolution was further reinforced by expressions of solidarity from certain French figures, notably members of the French intellectual elite, including writers and journalists. Some of these individuals formally articulated their opposition to French practices toward Algerians by signing public declarations, most notably the Statement on the Right to Civil Disobedience in the Algerian War (Manifesto of the 121), endorsed by 121 French intellectuals. While some of the signatories are well documented, information concerning the professional and political trajectories of others, such as Maurice Nadeau, remains limited. This study seeks to present Nadeau as one of the signatories of this statement.
Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant drivers of biodiversity loss and shifts in species distribution across the globe. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and changes in sea levels are transforming ecosystems at unprecedented rates. the effects of climate change on biodiversity and species distribution, focusing on how environmental changes influence species survival, adaptation, and migration. climate-induced habitat loss, phenological changes, and range shifts in terrestrial and aquatic species. Many species are moving poleward or to higher elevations in response to warming temperatures, while others face increased risk of extinction due to limited adaptive capacity. Climate change also disrupts ecological interactions, such as predator–prey relationships and pollination networks, further threatening ecosystem stability. The impacts of climate change on biodiversity is essential for developing effective conservation strategies and ensuring the long-term resilience of ecosystems in a rapidly changing global environment.
Knowledge and the Knowledge Economy in the Organization
Knowledge and information are considered among the most important products of the knowledge economy because the accumulation, updating, and organization of knowledge is the basic foundation of the economy, as it depends on the production and distribution of knowledge. Therefore, it is directly based on the production, dissemination, and use of knowledge and information in various productive and service activities because it focuses on the value of the intellectual capabilities of the human element, as it is the source of knowledge, wealth, and power. Hence, the more knowledge accumulates, the more wealth accumulates. The knowledge economy is concerned with the production and storage of knowledge, its generation, innovation, and use, as well as the knowledge industry through education, training, and development, while the knowledge-based economy constitutes an advanced stage of the knowledge economy. Accordingly, we can say that the knowledge economy has enormous capabilities to adapt to new variables and harmonize with all different circumstances and situations that accompany the internationalization of the economy.
Government Incentives and Policy Frameworks for Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Global Review
Government incentives and policy frameworks have been pivotal in shaping the global trajectory of electric vehicle (EV) adoption, but their design, timing, and national context produce widely varying outcomes. This global review synthesizes evidence on demand-side measures (purchase subsidies, tax credits, registration exemptions), supply-side strategies (manufacturing incentives, local content rules), and system-level instruments (charging infrastructure mandates, low-emission zones, and vehicle standards). Purchase incentives and tax credits have produced strong short-term increases in EV registrations in many markets, yet effectiveness depends on program design, duration, and interactions with complementary policies (e.g., charging rollout and grid readiness) (Martins et al., 2024). Regional policy pathways illustrate contrasts: early, generous subsidies and integrated industrial policy helped China scale production and lower costs, while recent policy recalibrations illustrate the need to shift toward market-stability measures as markets mature (DieselNet, n.d.; IEA, 2024). In the United States, the Inflation Reduction Act’s clean vehicle tax incentives reoriented buyer incentives and domestic supply-chain development goals, introducing complex eligibility rules that shape who benefits and how quickly demand responds (U.S. Treasury, 2023).
Termination of Public Works Contracts in Algerian Law: Natural Completion, Exceptional Rescission Mechanisms, and Financial Settlement under Law No. 23-12 and Executive Decree No. 21-219
This research undertakes an analysis of the legal regime applicable to the termination of public works contracts. It deals with both the natural termination of the contract due to the full performance of the contract or the expiration of the contractual duration and the non-natural termination of the contract, which encompasses rescission for the contractor's fault, unilateral termination of the contract in the public interest, and judicial dissolution of the contract. This research has shown that the termination of the contract is no longer just the final act of the procedure but is instead a form of organized governance. It has also demonstrated the importance of strengthening the procedural regime of termination, the requirements of justification, and the financial regime of termination in order to strengthen transparency and credibility in the Algerian system of public procurement.
Narrative Techniques in Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse: Stream of Consciousness and Beyond
The novel To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf, which features a number of novel storytelling approaches, with a special emphasis on the usage of stream of consciousness as one of those techniques. In addition to providing a profound investigation into the inner lives of her characters, Woolf's innovative approach to narrative structure and character development was a game-changer for modernist writing. A fluid, non-linear portrayal of time and consciousness is made possible by Woolf's stream of consciousness style, which is examined in this research through an analysis of important passages. This technique gives readers an intimate peek into the thoughts and feelings of the characters in the story. Additionally, the article explores additional narrative tactics that Woolf utilised, such as shifting perspectives, the utilisation of symbols, and the subtle interplay between subjective and objective reality. Stream of consciousness is one of the narrative strategies that is investigated in this research. The purpose of this article is to explain how Woolf's narrative innovations contribute to the novel's study of issues such as memory, identity, and the passage of time, so establishing To the Lighthouse as a cornerstone of modernist literature. This will be accomplished by analysing these tactics.
Analyzing the Dynamics of the Budget Deficit in Algeria and Forecasting the Resort to Domestic and External Borrowing Using the ARDL Model for the Period 2000–2030
This study aims to analyze the dynamics of the budget deficit in Algeria and forecast the reliance on domestic and external borrowing during the period 2000–2030 using the ARDL model. The study is based on annual data for government expenditure, real GDP, and oil prices, assessing both short- and long-term relationships between the deficit and key economic variables. Empirical results reveal a stable long-term equilibrium relationship and dynamic behavior of the variables over time, with the error correction model demonstrating a rapid adjustment mechanism following short-term shocks. Future forecasts indicate that the trajectory of the deficit varies according to economic scenarios: under the optimistic scenario, financing can largely rely on domestic resources, whereas moderate and pessimistic scenarios require increased external borrowing. The study underscores the importance of efficient fiscal and monetary policy management to ensure deficit stability and strengthen the state's ability to cope with future economic fluctuations.
Geopolitics of Water Sharing in South Asia: A Case of Indus and Ganga Basins
The geopolitics of water sharing in South Asia has emerged as a critical dimension of regional security and cooperation, with the Indus and Ganga river basins standing at the center of hydro political debates. Shared by multiple countries including India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and China, these transboundary rivers not only sustain millions of livelihoods but also serve as instruments of power, negotiation, and conflict. The Indus Waters Treaty (1960) between India and Pakistan remains a rare case of durable bilateral agreement despite political hostilities, yet recent tensions highlight challenges of climate change, water scarcity, and unilateral projects. Similarly, the Ganga basin epitomizes both cooperation and contestation, as India’s water management policies intersect with Nepal’s hydropower ambitions and Bangladesh’s downstream concerns. The increasing pressures of population growth, agricultural demand, and changing monsoon patterns further intensify the stakes. This study explores how water-sharing agreements, power asymmetries, and emerging environmental threats shape the geopolitics of South Asia, making the Indus and Ganga basins a test case for balancing national interests with regional sustainability.
A Study of the Content of Educational Texts for Fifth-Year Algerian Primary School Students in Terms of Moral Values in Light of Global Changes
Ethical values enable individuals and societies to distinguish between right and wrong, though the adopted frames of reference vary across different cultures. It is from this ethical reference that the norms governing behaviors and interactions are derived to safeguard rights and duties. Given that global shifts—namely globalization and technological advancements—have made cultural openness inevitable, a society's ethical values are now facing an existential clash between what is prohibited by its own standards and what is permitted elsewhere. This has led to a cultural blurring and, potentially, a detachment from the original identity. Consequently, social systems must strive to preserve their core components by exerting efforts across various fields to instill values and principles, most importantly through education. Education is not merely a process of transmitting knowledge from one generation to another; it is, at its core, a process of human character-building in both value and conduct. While science provides individuals with the tools for success, ethics grant them the purpose and the right direction to utilize those tools. In this context, studying ethical values within educational texts designed for the primary stage gains immense significance; it is the phase where the initial features of a citizen's personality are outlined, and where the morals capable of protecting society against global shifts are ingrained. Thus, examining the educational texts prescribed for fifth-grade primary students in Algeria serves as a pivotal gateway to understanding how these values are translated from abstract concepts into behavioral and linguistic practices acquired by the learner.
The Influence of Cultural Trends on Global Fashion Markets: A Comparative Study of Western and Eastern Fashion Trends
Cultural trends have a profound impact on the fashion industry as a whole, moulding tastes, opinions, and the dynamics of markets around the world. how cultural shifts impact international fashion marketplaces by comparing and contrasting Western and Eastern styles. This study compares and contrasts Western and Eastern design trends and consumer behaviours by looking at the cultural, social, and economic aspects that influence fashion consumption in both areas. It then looks at how cultural values, traditions, and societal norms impact these trends. Learn how international fashion houses adapt their business practices to local tastes by conducting in-depth interviews with industry insiders and surveying local consumers. The part that globalisation plays in easing cultural exchanges in the fashion industry, allowing for the mutual impact of Eastern and Western styles. While Western design tends to be more individualistic, trend-driven, and informal, Eastern fashion trends tend to be more traditional, handcrafted, and deeply rooted in cultural heritage, according to the findings. Finally, the study delves into what these cultural distinctions mean for fashion firms, arguing that it's essential to grasp cultural subtleties in order to create effective worldwide marketing strategies that appeal to different types of consumers.
The 2024 Immigration Law in France : The Status of Algerians
In France, legislation relating to the rights of foreigners is compiled in the Code of Entry and Stay of Foreigners and the Right to Asylum, also called CESEDA. The issue of residence permits is therefore governed by the provisions contained in this code. However, residence permits for Algerians in France are governed by another text. The case of Algeria is different: in fact, France and Algeria signed on December 27, 1968 an "agreement relating to the movement, employment and stay in France of Algerian nationals and their families", most often referred to as the “Franco-Algerian agreement”, which establishes a specific regime for Algerians wishing to enter France, settle there and work there. This initial agreement was subsequently modified and supplemented by 3 successive amendments: 1st amendment signed on December 22, 1985; 2nd amendment signed on September 28, 1994; 3rd amendment signed on July 11, 2001. This is why we often speak of the “modified Franco-Algerian agreement”.
Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Engagement and Organizational Performance
Transformational leadership has emerged as a critical determinant of employee engagement and overall organizational performance in contemporary institutions. This study examines how transformational leadership practices influence employees’ psychological commitment, motivation, and productivity, and how these factors collectively contribute to improved organizational outcomes. Transformational leaders inspire and intellectually stimulate employees, encourage innovation, foster trust, and provide individualized consideration. Such leadership behaviors create a supportive work environment where employees feel valued, empowered, and aligned with organizational goals. Through a conceptual review of existing literature and empirical findings, the study establishes that transformational leadership not only strengthens employee engagement but also acts as a strategic driver of sustainable organizational growth. The findings suggest that organizations seeking long-term performance improvement should invest in leadership development programs that cultivate transformational competencies. By fostering a culture of trust, shared vision, and continuous learning, transformational leadership significantly contributes to both employee well-being and measurable organizational success.
The Role of Electronic administration in Improving public service
The aim of this study is to find out the contribution of e-administration to the improvement of the public service in the Municipality of Oulad aiche. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 50 persons. After the examination 30 samples were used. Social in the discharge of questionnaires and data processing. The study found that e-management contributed to the improvement of the performance of workers at a high rate of 77% in the Municipality of Ouald aiche Blida, which contributed to improving the public service provided to citizens by 69% and providing the service in an effective and efficient manner.
Digital Transformation Strategies and Their Influence on Business Sustainability
Digital transformation has become a strategic priority for organizations seeking long term sustainability in an increasingly technology driven and competitive environment. This study examines how digital transformation strategies influence business sustainability by enhancing operational efficiency, innovation capacity, customer engagement, and environmental responsibility. Digital transformation goes beyond the adoption of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data analytics, and the Internet of Things. It involves restructuring business models, processes, and organizational culture to create value in a digitally connected ecosystem. how digital initiatives support sustainable development by optimizing resource utilization, reducing operational costs, improving transparency, and enabling data driven decision making. Digital platforms enhance collaboration across supply chains, improve customer experience, and foster innovation, which strengthens competitive advantage and market resilience. At the same time, digital tools contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing paper usage, energy consumption, and waste through smart systems and automation.
Legal Protection of the Learner’s Personal Data in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
This study addresses an important issue concerning the effectiveness of existing legal rules in protecting learners’ digital privacy in light of the widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies in the education sector. As educational institutions increasingly adopt adaptive learning platforms and intelligent tutoring systems, the collection of learners’ personal and behavioral data has become a technical necessity for operating these systems. The study aims to highlight the main legal challenges posed by these technologies, particularly the weakness of informed consent in the educational environment, as well as the risks of profiling and data exploitation. Through the analysis of legal texts, the study concludes that traditional data protection laws are insufficient to address the predictive nature of artificial intelligence, which calls for urgent legislative reforms that incorporate the principle of privacy by design and guarantee the learner’s right to digital forgetting.
Corporate Governance Practices and Financial Performance in Emerging Economies
Corporate governance has emerged as a critical determinant of organizational credibility, transparency, and long term financial performance, particularly in emerging economies where institutional frameworks and regulatory systems continue to evolve. the relationship between corporate governance practices and financial performance in emerging markets, focusing on key governance mechanisms such as board structure, ownership concentration, audit committees, transparency standards, and shareholder rights. In emerging economies, firms often operate in environments characterized by regulatory gaps, concentrated ownership structures, and varying levels of investor protection. Effective corporate governance mechanisms help mitigate agency conflicts, enhance accountability, and improve strategic decision making. Strong governance practices foster investor confidence, reduce the cost of capital, and enhance access to external financing, thereby contributing to improved profitability, market valuation, and sustainable growth. both theoretical and empirical perspectives to assess how governance quality influences financial indicators such as return on assets, return on equity, and firm market value. the moderating role of institutional factors, including legal frameworks, cultural context, and economic stability. While good governance practices are generally associated with better financial outcomes, their effectiveness may vary depending on the maturity of capital markets and enforcement mechanisms.
Global Food Security and Pathways to Achieving It Amid Economic Crises
This study aims to analyze the state of global food security in the context of recurring economic crises and to highlight the main challenges hindering its achievement, relying on recent international statistics and indicators. It also examines the impact of economic crises—such as rising food and energy prices and disruptions in supply chains—on countries’ ability to ensure sustainable food availability. The study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach through the analysis of data and statistics issued by relevant international institutions. The findings indicate that achieving global food security requires strengthening international cooperation, supporting domestic agricultural production, improving the efficiency of food supply chains, and adopting economic and development policies that mitigate the effects of economic crises on food security, particularly in developing countries that are more vulnerable to global market fluctuations.
Adoption of FinTech Services and Its Implications for Traditional Banking
The rapid adoption of Financial Technology (FinTech) services has significantly transformed the financial services landscape, posing both opportunities and challenges for traditional banking institutions. the adoption of FinTech services and its implications for traditional banking, focusing on areas such as service delivery, customer experience, operational efficiency, and competitive dynamics. how innovations including mobile banking, digital payments, peer-to-peer lending, and blockchain-based services influence customer expectations and banking practices. Using secondary data and insights from existing empirical studies, the findings suggest that FinTech adoption enhances financial inclusion, improves transaction efficiency, and drives innovation, while simultaneously intensifying competition for traditional banks. The need for banks to adapt through technological integration, strategic partnerships, and regulatory compliance to remain competitive. Overall, the research underscores that effective adoption and collaboration with FinTech can enable traditional banks to improve performance, strengthen customer relationships, and sustain relevance in an increasingly digital financial ecosystem.
Artificial Intelligence as a Lever for Entrepreneurship and Economic Activity
Artificial Intelligence: An Effective Tool in Enhancing Entrepreneurship and Stimulating Economic Activity. AI constitutes an enabling technology with the potential to reinvigorate macroeconomic progress and entrepreneurship. The term relates to investments and the integration of technology-based solutions, tools, and services that contribute to a targeted objective in any form of business. Commercial entrepreneurship encompasses both self-employment without employees and enterprises owned by a natural person who engages in several activities through associations or partnerships. Market-information systems serve to reduce uncertainty. Entrepreneurial computing embodies knowledge representations, pattern recognition, statistical methods, and modelling to facilitate experimentation, simulation, and testing that can enhance the quality of enterprise formation and growth. The effects of AI on entrepreneurship and on enterprises have not yet been fully explored. The general questions posed concern the contribution of AI and its integration into microeconomic systems and the influence of AI on macroeconomic activity, measures of economic activity, and the allocation of investments. Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Entrepreneurship: A New Era has Begun presents a systematic examination of these interactions in terms of the current incorporation of AI into the formation and expansion of enterprises. Important facets governing the use of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data by entrepreneurs support the proposal that the analysis of business opportunities, the creation of products and services, and the management of operations can be accelerated and improved. Considered processes are outlined, along with observable products of AI. (Obschonka & B. Audretsch, 2019) Intelligent use of AI and Big Data has the potential to reinvigorate the role of entrepreneurship for entire economies and contributed an explanation of how AI enacts existing enterprises. Reality indicates Artificial Intelligence and Big Data influence sophisticated actions whose employment might benefit economic economy detected.
Advances in Green Catalysis: Toward Carbon-Neutral Chemical Processes
The global need for sustainable chemical manufacturing has driven green catalysis research, which offers creative ways to reduce energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions in industrial operations. recent breakthroughs in carbon-neutral catalytic systems, focusing on heterogeneous, homogeneous, and biocatalytic routes that enable efficient conversions under moderate circumstances. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), single-atom catalysts, and earth-abundant transition metals are investigated as potential replacements for precious-metal catalysts, while photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are encouraged for converting carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals and fuels. Enzyme engineering and hybrid catalytic systems bridge biological efficiency with chemical resilience. Using computational chemistry, machine learning, and life-cycle analysis, researchers may build catalysts with better selectivity, recyclability, and scalability. These advances are key steps toward carbon-neutral chemical processes and support green chemistry and sustainable development. Industrial issues such catalyst stability, cost-effectiveness, and large-scale deployment are essential for converting laboratory innovations into real-world impact.
Digital Transformation as a Catalyst for Innovation in Singaporean Startups: Econometric Evidence from Patent Outputs and R&D Investment
This study examines the impact of digital transformation on innovation in Singaporean startups, using patent applications and R&D expenditure as quantitative indicators. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is applied to time-series data (2015–2025) to capture both short- and long-run dynamics. The results reveal a significant long-run elasticity of 0.78 between R&D investment and patent output, indicating efficient conversion of digital inputs into innovation. Government grants and venture capital also exert positive effects, with elasticities of 0.35 and 0.42, respectively. The implementation of the RIE2025 innovation strategy is associated with a 28% increase in patenting activity. The error-correction term suggests rapid adjustment, correcting 52% of disequilibria annually. These findings highlight the effectiveness of Singapore’s integrated innovation ecosystem and provide policy-relevant insights for fostering digital-driven entrepreneurship.
The Role of Smart Charging and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology in Energy Optimization
The rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) adoption presents both operational challenges and strategic opportunities for modern power systems. Uncoordinated charging can intensify peak demand, strain distribution networks, and complicate renewable energy integration. However, smart charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies offer innovative solutions to optimize energy use, enhance grid flexibility, and support low-carbon energy transitions. the role of smart charging systems and V2G technology in improving energy optimization within increasingly electrified transport networks. Smart charging enables dynamic control of charging schedules based on grid conditions, electricity pricing, and renewable generation availability. By shifting demand to off-peak periods or times of high renewable output, it reduces peak load pressure and improves system efficiency. Vehicle-to-grid technology extends this capability by enabling bidirectional power flow between EV batteries and the grid. Through V2G, parked vehicles can function as distributed energy storage units, providing frequency regulation, peak shaving, and backup power services. This capability enhances grid stability and allows greater penetration of variable renewable energy sources such as solar and wind.
Translation Between Linguistic Theory and Discursive Practice
In this article a case is made for the role of Arabic translation in lexical space construction and on how its multiple equivalents and lack of semantic centrality, have given a rise to 'conceptual confusion' in Arab terminology. It foregrounds lexicon in the regulation of knowledge, and as a medium through one can achieve a unity in science. Employing both a descriptive and analytical method, it investigates definition, types and translation methods, the relationship between linguistic analysis and discoursive practice, as well as terminological components and characteristics. Results: Non standardization processes, different sources of Arabization and semantically instability in terminologies are some reasons that disturb terminology indicating the necessity for integration of Arabisms into a unified Arabic neological system aiming at controllability.
The cultural patterns implied in the novel "lolita fingers" by waciny laredj
This article explores the cultural patterns embedded in Lolita Fingers by Wasini Al-A‘raj using the approach of cultural criticism. It shows how the contemporary Algerian novel has developed by engaging with multiple fields of knowledge and moving beyond traditional narrative forms. The research examines socio-political facets, including identitarian and historical memory, and the relationship of self with the 'other' (specifically the West). The cultural dimension includes considerations like body representations, the role of music, as well as philosophical issues like love and death. It concludes that the novel is a culturally and ideologically rich repository of discourse that reflects not only those experiences unique to Algeria but also those shared with humanity at large
R.K. Narayan's "The Guide": An Analysis of Indian Women in the Reader
The novel The Guide by R.K. Narayan is the subject of this study, which offers an analytical investigation into the portrayal of Indian women in the novel and the impact that it has on readers. The portrayal of the female protagonist, Rosie, as a reflection of the changing roles that women play in Indian culture is the primary subject of this research, which is conducted through the perspective of gender studies. In this study, we investigate how Narayan's tale not only questions the conventional gender norms that have been established, but also encourages readers to participate in a more profound contemplation of the social, cultural, and emotional issues that Indian women endure. The purpose of this thesis is to gain a better understanding of the longer-term ramifications of Rosie's journey on the audience's perspective of Indian femininity. This will be accomplished by analysing how readers have responded to her character and the decisions she has made. Furthermore, the analysis highlights how Narayan's complex narrative encourages readers to empathise with Rosie's pursuit of independence and self-expression, which in turn contributes to a more progressive perspective of women's roles within the context of Indian culture.
The Wondrous Extension and the Horizon of the Child’s Educational Adventure — The Stories of Kamil Kilani — Selected Models
Child-directed narrative is distinguished by an aesthetic and artistic particularity, in view of the nature of the addressed age stage, as it opens vast horizons possessing cultural and intellectual spaces, surrounded by the fringes of childhood related to imagination and adventures. The research paper is based on extrapolating the wondrous symbolic significations, and what they arouse of hidden intentions, which dominate the story collection “The Flying Carpet,” which grows within the range of value-based employments that unite to produce a directive effect for the child’s upbringing, and even the rectification of his behavior, in light of the modern changes that cannot be denied, especially the astonishing technical fields. With the increasing awareness of the message of children’s stories and their value dimension, work on the wondrous adventure and the anticipation of educational values has been consolidated, which addresses the following problematique: Is the task of the story directed to the child limited only to the aesthetic and entertaining function? Does the effectiveness of the wondrous extension, with cultural and civilizational reference, contribute to producing stimuli for the child’s innate talents?
The Role of Play in Early Childhood Education
This research paper explores the role of play in early childhood education, emphasizing its significance in the cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development of children. The paper draws on various studies, including those conducted in India, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits of play-based learning. Additionally, it examines the current state of play in Indian early childhood education settings and offers recommendations for integrating play effectively into the curriculum.
Digital Banking, Financial Inclusion and FDI Inflows: Reassessing the Institutional Channel in Arab Countries
This study provides a comprehensive reassessment of the nexus between digital banking, financial inclusion, and foreign direct investment inflows within ten Arab countries over the period from 2010 to 2021, with a specific focus on the Institutional Channel hypothesis. Utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to construct multidimensional indices, the research employs a panel data methodology, investigating the long-term impact on foreign direct investment inflows when considered in isolation from institutional quality. The evidence concludes that digital transformation within the banking sector has not yet reached the threshold of significance required to pivot foreign capital flows independently. The empirical inquiry into the Arab region’s financial landscape yields nuanced insights that challenge simplistic assumptions regarding technological adoption. The findings reveal that while digital banking and financial inclusion are rapidly evolving, their individual capacity to stimulate foreign direct investment remains statistically latent in the long term
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Credit Risk Assessment in Commercial Banking
The transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in credit risk assessment within commercial banking. By integrating machine learning algorithms, banks can enhance predictive accuracy, reduce default rates, and optimize lending decisions. Drawing on a dataset of over 500,000 commercial loans from 2018-2025 across major U.S. banks, the analysis reveals that AI models outperform traditional logistic regression by 25% in AUC scores. Key findings include improved handling of non-linear data patterns and real-time adaptability to economic shifts. However, challenges such as model explainability and regulatory compliance persist. The paper contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on AI's practical implementation and offers policy recommendations for ethical deployment. This research holds implications for bankers, regulators, and fintech innovators seeking to balance innovation with risk management. (198 words)[finance.expertjournals]​
Children’s Tendencies Toward Engaging in Multiplayer Video Games: A Comparative Study Between Sports Games (FIFA) and Combat Games (Free Fire)
Our study aims to investigate children’s tendencies toward engaging in multiplayer video games, specifically sports games such as FIFA and combat games such as Free Fire, among fourth-year middle school male students. In this research, we adopted the descriptive method to examine and compare children’s tendencies toward practicing multiplayer video games. The study targeted a sample drawn from Mohamed Bedou Middle School in Khemis Miliana as a case study. The research sample initially consisted of 61 fourth-year middle school students during the 2023/2024 academic year. After identifying the research population in February and selecting the middle school as a case study—given our direct engagement with it during the training internship period—an exploratory study was conducted. The questionnaire was selected as the primary data collection instrument. Subsequently, six students were excluded in the third exploratory phase due to their non-participation in video games, resulting in a final sample of 55 students. Data were then collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Advanced Techniques in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Review
In recent years, the fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have undergone significant advancements, leading to a wide array of innovative techniques and applications. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the latest developments in AI and ML, highlighting the most promising methodologies and their practical implications. We explore various advanced techniques, including deep learning, reinforcement learning, generative adversarial networks, and transfer learning, among others. Additionally, this review examines the application of these techniques across diverse domains such as healthcare, finance, autonomous systems, and natural language processing. We discuss the strengths and limitations of each method, providing insights into their suitability for different types of problems. Furthermore, ethical considerations and the potential societal impact of AI and ML advancements are critically evaluated. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand the current state of AI and ML and to identify future research directions that can address existing challenges and drive further innovation in these dynamic fields.
Generative AI Tools and Learning Outcomes for Students with Learning Disabilities in K–12 Education: A Narrative Integrative Review
Background: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) — including large language models (LLMs), AI chatbots, adaptive tutor systems, and automated feedback tools — is rapidly reshaping discourse in educational research. For students with learning disabilities (LD) — such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia — these technologies hold theoretical promise for personalized scaffolding, accessible feedback, and self-regulated learning support. Purpose: This narrative integrative review synthesizes descriptive evidence on the potential and limitations of GenAI and related AI tools on learning outcomes for K–12 students with LD, situating findings within cognitive, metacognitive, and inclusive education frameworks. Methods: Evidence was purposively selected for descriptive synthesis based on relevance to the topic, recency (primarily 2017–2025), methodological quality, and focus on adaptive or generative AI tools in educational contexts. Peer-reviewed research, high-quality conceptual pieces, and reputable reports were included. Results: Direct empirical research specifically on GenAI tools with K–12 LD populations is currently limited. Evidence for related adaptive AI systems — including intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) and automated feedback platforms — indicates potential positive effects on reading, writing, and mathematics performance, improved self-regulated learning behaviors, and increased engagement. Mechanistically, AI supports cognitive load reduction, personalized feedback loops, and multimodal accessibility, although risks such as dependency and accuracy concerns persist. Conclusions: While GenAI offers promising affordances for students with LD, rigorous empirical research in K–12 special education settings is urgently needed. Future work should prioritize controlled intervention trials, standardized outcome measures, and inclusive co-design with learning disability communities.
Role of Catalysts in Enhancing Chemical Reaction Efficiency
Catalysts play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of chemical reactions by increasing reaction rates without being consumed in the process. In both laboratory and industrial chemistry, the use of catalysts allows reactions to proceed under milder conditions, reducing energy requirements and minimizing unwanted by-products. the fundamental principles of catalysis and its significance in improving reaction efficiency, selectivity, and yield. Various types of catalysts, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biocatalysts, are discussed along with their mechanisms of action. The role of catalysts in lowering activation energy and facilitating alternative reaction pathways is highlighted. Emphasis is also placed on the importance of catalysis in green chemistry, where catalysts contribute to sustainable processes by enhancing atom economy and reducing waste generation. The study concludes that catalytic strategies are indispensable for modern chemical synthesis and industrial applications, offering both economic and environmental benefits.
The Strategic Use of The Decision Support Systems and Its Role in Acquiring the Competitive Advantage Between Libraries.
The study aims to recognize the concept of decisions support system DSS in libraries and information centers and its relation to enhance the competitive advantage, the decision support systems DSS is considered as mean of developing the libraries and information centers, it is the research power center which help it in solving different problems that faced it particularly the complicated one. The results are summarized that DSS use flexible methods to maintain its permanence and protect its place between different libraries and create the chances to create the capabilities the competitive advantage, that make the company do important thing better until it ensure a prominent position among its competitors, as it make the libraries recognize its strengths and weaknesses throughout information models presented to supreme management.
Structural Impacts of Inflationary Pressures on Financial Inclusion Pathways in the Arab Region: An Econometric Study for the Period 2016–2024
Financial inclusion represents a fundamental pillar within modern development strategies, given its pivotal role in improving economic growth indicators and achieving social equity by integrating marginalized groups into the formal banking system. In this context, this study seeks to investigate the correlational relationship and the quantitative impact of inflation rates on levels of financial inclusion in the Arab region during the period 2016–2024. Relying on an econometric approach using panel data models, the study finds a statistically significant inverse relationship, indicating that stability in the general price level is a key prerequisite for strengthening confidence in the financial system. Specifically, the results show that a one-unit decrease in the inflation rate leads to a noticeable improvement in financial inclusion indicators in Arab countries by 0.64 units, reflecting the sensitivity of access to and use of financial services to fluctuations in purchasing power..
Effectiveness of Ayurvedic Dietary Practices in Managing Lifestyle Disorders in Urban Populations
Lifestyle disorders such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases have emerged as major public health concerns, particularly in rapidly urbanizing populations. Sedentary behavior, unhealthy dietary patterns, and high stress levels have significantly contributed to the increasing prevalence of these conditions. In this context, Ayurveda offers a holistic framework that emphasizes diet (Ahara) as a fundamental pillar of health and disease management. The present study examines the effectiveness of Ayurvedic dietary practices in managing lifestyle disorders among urban populations. adopts a clinical and observational approach, involving participants diagnosed with common lifestyle disorders. Ayurvedic dietary interventions, including individualized meal planning based on Prakriti (body constitution), seasonal regimens (Ritucharya), and mindful eating practices, were implemented over a specified duration. Key health parameters such as body mass index (BMI), blood glucose levels, blood pressure, lipid profile, and overall well-being were assessed before and after the intervention. Ayurvedic dietary principles leads to significant improvements in metabolic health, reduction in risk factors associated with chronic diseases, and enhanced quality of life. Participants reported better digestion, increased energy levels, and improved stress management. The role of dietary discipline, natural food choices, and balance among the Doshas in maintaining long-term health.
The impact of marketing ethics on promoting the company's products ـ A field study on the Algeria Telecom branch in Tissemsilt
The study aimed to determine the impact of marketing ethics on the promotion of the institution's products and was applied to the Algeria Telecom branch in Tissemsilt province. The study relied on a sample of (259) consumers of the institution's products. Based on the descriptive and analytical method, the study concluded that marketing ethics is of paramount importance in promoting products and their acceptance by consumers, especially the commitment to promises made through promotional activities
Phytochemical and Therapeutic Evaluation of Traditional Ayurvedic Formulations in Chronic Diseases
Chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, arthritis, and neurodegenerative conditions represent a significant global health burden, often requiring long-term management and multidisciplinary care. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in traditional systems of medicine, particularly Ayurveda, for their potential role in managing chronic conditions through natural and holistic approaches. Ayurvedic formulations, composed of medicinal plants, minerals, and bioactive compounds, have been traditionally used for their therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects. The phytochemical and therapeutic evaluation of selected traditional Ayurvedic formulations used in the management of chronic diseases. A combination of laboratory-based phytochemical analysis and clinical evaluation was employed to assess the presence of active constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and phenolic compounds. These bioactive components are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, which are crucial in combating chronic disease pathology. The therapeutic efficacy of these formulations was evaluated through clinical observations and biochemical parameters, including blood glucose levels, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and overall patient well-being. The results indicate that Ayurvedic formulations exhibit significant pharmacological activity, contributing to improved metabolic function, reduced inflammation, and enhanced quality of life among patients. Additionally, the synergistic action of multiple herbal ingredients in these formulations enhances their therapeutic potential.
Artificial Intelligence in Accounting and Auditing : A Paradigm Shift Toward Smart Data and Continuous Auditing
The accounting and auditing sectors are undergoing a radical transformation driven by artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Professional practice has shifted from relying on traditional sampling to analyzing entire statistical populations. Auditing has shifted from periodic audits to continuous monitoring and real-time risk prediction. This in-depth article reviews contemporary applications of artificial intelligence in the fields of accounting and auditing, focusing on four key technologies : machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), robotic process automation (RPA), and deep learning (DL). Integrating these technologies has been shown to yield tangible improvements in audit efficiency and quality, including increasing fraud detection accuracy to 92% and reducing audit cycle time by 40–60% (Lin & Maginnis, 2025), while expanding data coverage to 100% of transactions from the traditional 5–10% sample size. The "Big Four" accounting firms (Deloitte, PwC, Ernst & Young, and KPMG) are leading adoption efforts, alongside major technology companies such as Microsoft, Amazon, and Google. These companies are developing specialized platforms (Kassar & Jizi, 2026) However, these technologies face fundamental challenges related to algorithmic bias, cybersecurity, the digital skills gap, professional accountability, and high costs. To ensure the responsible and effective adoption of these technologies, there is a need to develop integrated regulatory and training frameworks. This article presents a proposed model for the regulatory framework and practical recommendations for audit firms, regulators, and professionals.
Architecture plays a vital role in shaping human life by influencing how people live, work, and interact within built environments. It goes beyond the construction of buildings and focuses on creating spaces that ensure comfort, safety, and functionality. This paper examines the role of architecture in daily life, highlighting its impact on human behavior, well-being, and social interaction. It also explores how architectural design responds to cultural values, environmental conditions, and technological advancements. By understanding the importance of architecture, the study emphasizes its contribution to improving quality of life and creating sustainable and meaningful spaces
Research Problems in Media and Communication Studies within the Digital Environment: A Critical Review of Traditional Methodologies and the Constraints of Practice
This study examines a profound problem facing media and communication studies in Algerian universities: the inability of classical methodological approaches to accommodate the rapid, complex transformations of the digital environment. It seeks to provide a critical examination of datacollection and analysis tools and to assess their effectiveness in measuring the interactive, fluid phenomena produced by contemporary digital platforms. By adopting a critical analytical approach, the paper highlights the epistemological and procedural constraints that hinder everyday research practice. The study ultimately concludes that there is an urgent need for methodological renewal and for the development of an academic awareness that embraces newly developed digital measurement tools. Such renewal is essential for improving the quality of Algerian scholarly output and keeping pace with the dynamism of the contemporary media landscape.
The Impact of Globalization on Indigenous Cultures
Globalization has significantly influenced indigenous cultures by increasing interaction between local communities and global systems of economy, media, and technology. This paper examines the impact of globalization on indigenous cultures, focusing on both its challenges and opportunities. While globalization has contributed to the erosion of traditional practices, languages, and cultural identities, it has also created avenues for cultural preservation, global recognition, and economic development. The study highlights the role of external forces such as media, migration, and commercialization in transforming indigenous ways of life. It argues that the impact of globalization is complex and multifaceted, requiring a balanced approach that protects indigenous heritage while enabling participation in the global world.
The Role of Notarial Instruments in Securing Real Estate Transactions
Notarial instruments guarantee the preservation of rights and play a crucial role in securing real estate transactions between individuals. Therefore, the Algerian legislator has regulated them, ensuring that these instruments are drawn up by a notary and given official status. As such, they can be relied upon as evidence and constitute an official deed and formal proof that can only be challenged by alleging forgery.