Human Rights in Armed Conflicts: Evaluating International Humanitarian Law Compliance

Abstract

The preservation of human rights and the implementation of international humanitarian law (IHL) remain significant obstacles in armed conflicts. Attacks on people, torture, enforced disappearances, and the use of forbidden weaponry are nonetheless commonplace despite the presence of thorough legal frameworks including the 1949 Geneva Conventions, their Additional Protocols, and customary international law. regarding the connection between international humanitarian law (IHL) and human rights law, with an emphasis on the ways in which both states and non-state actors fulfill or neglect their responsibilities in times of conflict. It highlights areas of convergence and tension and discusses the complementary yet separate nature of human rights law (which applies at all times) and international humanitarian law (IHL), which expressly regulates conduct during wars. This paper examines patterns of responsibility and compliance by drawing on case studies from recent conflicts in Syria, Ukraine, and Yemen, as well as law from international courts like the ICJ and the ICC. Problems with monitoring methods, political restraints within the United Nations Security Council, and the difficulties of guaranteeing compliance by non-state armed organizations are highlighted as specific enforcement challenges. In order for international humanitarian law (IHL) to be successful, political determination, institutional strength, and collaboration among states are necessary.